Registro:

Referencias:

• Almeida, D.P., Felsemburgh, F.A., Azevedo, R.A., Brito-Gitirana, D.L., Morphological re-evaluation of the parotoid glands of Bufo ictericus (Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae) (2007) Contrib Zool, 76, pp. 145-152
• (2005) AmphibiaWeb: Information on Amphibian Biology and Conservation, , http://amphibiaweb.org/, Berkeley (CA): AmphibiaWeb. Accessed on: 20 January 2005
• Antoniazzi, M.M., Neves, P.R., Mailho-Fontana, P.L., Rodrigues, M.T., Jared, C., Morphology of the parotoid macroglands in Phyllomedusa leaf frogs (2013) J Zool, 291, pp. 42-50
• Brodie, E.D., Jr., Formanowicz, D.R., Brodie, E.D., The development of noxiousness of Bufo americanus tadpoles to aquatic insect predators (1978) Herpetologica, 34, pp. 302-306
• Caldwell, J.P., Structure and behavior of Hyla geographica tadpole schools: with comments on classification of group behavior in tadpoles (1989) Copeia, 4, pp. 938-950
• Cannon, M.S., Hostetler, J.R., The anatomy of the parotoid gland in Bufonidae with some histochemical findings. II. Bufo alvarius (1976) J Morphol, 148, pp. 137-160
• Chammas, S., Carneiro, S., Ferro, R.S., Antoniazzi, M.M., Jared, C., Development of integument and cutaneous glands in larval, juvenile and adult toads (Rhinella granulosa): a morphological and morphometric study (2014) Acta Zool
• Clarke, B.T., The natural history of amphibian skin secretions, their normal functioning and potential medical applications (1997) Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc, 72, pp. 365-379
• Cunha Filho, G.A., Schwartz, C.A., Resck, I.S., Murta, M.M., Lemos, S.S., Castro, M.S., Schwartz, E.F., Antimicrobial activity of the bufadienolides marinobufagin and telocinobufagin isolated as major components from skin secretion of the toad Bufo rubescens (2005) Toxicon, 45, pp. 777-782
• Daly, J.W., The chemistry of poisons in amphibian skin (1995) Pnas, 92, pp. 9-13
• Delfino, G., Brizzi, R., Alvarez, B.B., Kracke-Berndorff, R., Serous cutaneous glands in Phyllomedusa hypochondrialis (Anura, Hylidae): secretory patterns during ontogenesis (1998) Tissue Cell, 30, pp. 30-40
• Delfino, G., Brizzi, R., Alvarez, B.B., Taddei, L., Secretory polymorphism and serous cutaneous gland heterogeneity in Bufo granulosus (Amphibia, Anura) (1999) Toxicon, 37, pp. 1281-1296
• Delfino, G., Brizzi, R., Feri, L., Chemical skin defence in Bufo bufo: an ultrastructural study during ontogenesis (1995) Zool Anz, 234, pp. 101-111
• Delfino, G., Nosi, D., Brizzi, R., Alvarez, B.B., Serous cutaneous glands in the paludiculine frog Physalaemus biligonigerus (Anura, Leptodactylidae): patterns of cytodifferentiation and secretory activity in premetamorphic specimens (2001) Acta Zool, 158, pp. 149-158
• Duellman, W.E., Trueb, L., (1994) Biology of amphibians, , 2nd ed. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press
• Edmunds, M., (1974) Defence in animals: a survey of anti-predator defences, , Harlow, UK: Longman
• Fabrezi, M., Quinzio, S.I., Goldberg, J., The ontogeny of Pseudis platensis (Anura, Hylidae): heterochrony and the effects of larval development on postmetamorphic life (2010) J Morphol, 271, pp. 496-510
• Felsemburgh, F.A., de Almeida, P.G., de Carvalho-e-Silva, S.P., de Brito-Gitirana, L., Microscopical methods promote the understanding of the integument biology of Rhinella ornata (2009) Micron, 40, pp. 198-205
• Ferraro, D.P., Topa, P.E., Hermida, G.N., Lumbar glands in the frog genera Pleurodema and Somuncuria (Anura: Leiuperidae): histological and histochemical perspectives (2013) Acta Zool, 94, pp. 44-57
• Fox, H., Riesenzellen, goblet cells, Leydig cells and the large clear cells of Xenopus, in the amphibian larval epidermis: fine structure and a consideration of their homology (1988) J Submicr Cytol Pathol, 20, pp. 437-451
• Freeland, W.J., Kerin, S.H., Ontogenetic alteration of activity and habitat selection by Bufo marinus (1991) Wildlife Res, 18, pp. 431-443
• Gosner, K.L., A simplified table for staging anuran embryos and larvae with notes on identification (1960) Herpetologica, 1, pp. 183-190
• Griffiths, R.A., Foster, J.P., The effect of social interactions on tadpole activity and growth in the British anuran amphibians (Bufo bufo, B. calamita, and Rana temporaria) (1998) J Zool, 245, pp. 431-437
• Gunzburger, M.S., Travis, J., Critical literature review of the evidence for unpalatability of amphibian eggs and larvae (2005) J Herpetol, 39, pp. 547-571
• Hausen, P., Dreyer, C., The use of polyacrylamide as an embedding medium for immunohistochemical studies of embryonic tissues (1981) Stain Technol, 56, pp. 287-293
• Hayes, R.A., Crossland, M.R., Hagman, M., Capon, R.J., Shine, R., Ontogenetic variation in the chemical defenses of cane toads (Bufo marinus): toxin profiles and effects on predators (2009) J Chem Ecol, 35, pp. 391-399
• Hayes, T.B., Histological examination of the effects of corticosterone in larvae of the western toad, Bufo boreas (Anura: Bufonidae), and the oriental fire-bellied toad, Bombina orientalis (Anura: Discoglossidae) (1995) J Morphol, 226, pp. 297-307
• Hayes, T.B., Gill, T.N., Hormonal regulation of skin gland development in the toad (Bufo boreas): the role of the thyroid hormones and corticosterone (1995) Gen Com Endocrinol, 99, pp. 161-168
• Hostetler, J.R., Cannon, M.S., The anatomy of the parotoid gland in Bufonidae with some histochemical findings. I. Bufo marinus (1974) J Morphol, 142, pp. 225-239
• IUCN Red List of threatened species (2012), http://www.iucnredlist.org, Version 2012.1. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. (Accessed on 5 July, 2012); Jara, F.G., Perotti, M.G., Toad tadpole responses to predator risk: ontogenetic change between constitutive and inducible defenses (2009) J Herpetol, 43, pp. 82-88
• Jared, C., Antoniazzi, M.M., Jordão, A.E.C., Silva, J.R.M.C., Greven, H., Rodrigues, M.T., Parotoid macroglands in toad (Rhinella jimi): their structure and functioning in passive defence (2009) Toxicon, 54, pp. 197-207
• Jared, C., Antoniazzi, M.M., Verdade, V.K., Toledo, L.F., Rodrigues, M.T., The Amazonian toad Rhaebo guttatus is able to voluntarily squirt poison from the parotoids (2011) Amphibia-Reptilia, 32, pp. 546-549
• Kehr, A.I., Patrones de dispersión espacio-temporales y su influencia en la biología larval de Bufo arenarum (Amphibia: anura) (1994) Neotrópica, 40, pp. 35-40
• Kiernan, J., (1999) Histological and histochemical methods: theory and practice, , 3rd ed. Oxford, UK: Butterworth Heinemann
• Le Quang Trong, Y., Structure et développement de la peau et des glands cutanées de Bufo regularis (1973) Reuss Bull Soc Zool Fr, 98, pp. 449-485
• Maciel, N.M., Collevatti, R.G., Colli, G.R., Schwartz, E.F., Late Miocene diversification and phylogenetic relationships of the huge toads in the Rhinella marina (Linnaeus, 1758) species group (Anura: Bufonidae) (2010) Mol Phyl Evol, 57, pp. 787-797
• Maciel, N.M., Schwartz, C.A., Pires, O.R., Sebben, A., Castro, M.S., Sousa, M.V., Schwartz, E.N.F., Composition of indolealkylamines of Bufo rubescens cutaneous secretions compared to six other Brazilian bufonids with phylogenetic implications. Comp (2003) Biochem Physiol Part B, 134, pp. 641-649
• Mailho-Fontana, P.L., Antoniazzi, M.M., Toledo, L.F., Verdade, V.K., Sciani, J.M., Barbaro, K.C., Pimenta, D.C., Jared, C., Passive and active defense in toads: the Parotoid Macroglands in Rhinella marina and Rhaebo guttatus (2014) J Exp Zool Part A, 321, pp. 65-77
• Pfeiffer, W., Die Verbreitung der Schreckreaktion bei Kaulquappen und die Herkunft des Schreckstoffes (1966) Z Vergl Physiol, 52, pp. 79-98
• Phillips, B.L., Shine, R., Allometry and selection in a novel predator prey system: Australian snakes and the invading cane toad (2006) Oikos, 112, pp. 122-130
• Quinzio, S., Fabrezi, M., Ontogenetic and structural variation of mineralizations and ossifications in the integument within ceratophryid frogs (Anura, Ceratophryidae) (2012) Anat Rec, 295, pp. 2089-2103
• Rash, L.D., Morales, R.A., Vink, S., Alewood, P.F., De novo sequencing of peptides from the parotid secretion of the cane toad, Bufo marinus (Rhinella marina) (2011) Toxicon, 57, pp. 208-216
• Regueira, E., Scaia, M.F., Volonteri, M.C., Ceballos, N.R., Anteroposterior variation of the cell types in the interrenal gland of the male toad Rhinella arenarum (Amphibia, Anura) (2013) J Morphol, 274, pp. 331-343
• Saporito, R.A., Isola, M., Maccachero, V.C., Condon, K., Donnelly, M.A., Ontogenetic scaling of poison glands in a dendrobatid poison frog (2010) J Zool, 282, pp. 238-245
• Sciani, J.M., Angeli, C.B., Antoniazzi, M.M., Jared, C., Pimenta, D.C., Differences and similarities among parotoid macrogland secretions in South American toads: a preliminary biochemical delineation (2013) Sci World J, 2013, pp. 1-9
• Terreni, A., Nosi, D., Greven, H., Delfino, G., Development of serous cutaneous glands in Scinax nasica (Anura, Hylidae): patterns of poison biosynthesis and maturation in comparison with larval glands in specimens of other families (2003) Tissue Cell, 35, pp. 274-287
• Toledo, R.C., Jared, C., Brunner, A.B.J., Morphology of the large granular alveoli of the parotoid glands in toad (Bufo ictericus) before and after compression (1992) Toxicon, 30, pp. 745-753
• Toledo, R.C., Jared, C., Cutaneous granular glands and amphibian venoms (1995) Comp Biochem Physiol., 111, pp. 1-29
• Toledo, L.F., Sazima, I., Haddad, C.F., Behavioural defences of anurans: an overview (2011) Ethol Ecol E, 23, pp. 1-25
• van Bocxlaer, I., Loader, S.P., Roelants, K., Biju, S.D., Menegon, M., Bossuyt, F., Gradual adaptation toward a range-expansion phenotype initiated the global radiation of toads (2010) Science, 327, pp. 679-682
• Vences, M., Wahl-Boos, G., Hoegg, S., Glaw, F., Spinelli Oliveira, E., Meyer, A., Perry, S., Molecular systematics of mantelline frogs from Madagascar and the evolution of their femoral glands (2007) Biol J Linn Soc, 92, pp. 529-539
• Warburg, M.R., Rosenberg, M., Roberts, J.R., Heatwole, H., Cutaneous glands in the Australian hylid Litoria caerulea (Amphibia, Hylidae) (2000) Anat Embryol (Berl)., 201, pp. 341-348
• Wassersug, R.J., Aspects of social behavior in anuran larvae (1973) Evolutionary Biology of the Anurans, pp. 273-297. , In: Vial JL, ed.Columbia: University of Missouri Press

Citas:

---------- APA ----------

---------- CHICAGO ----------

---------- MLA ----------

---------- VANCOUVER ----------