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Abstract:

The stapes is known in several non-mammaliaform cynodonts, although it has only been cursorily studied. Here we thoroughly analyze the stapedial anatomy of several basal cynodonts in a phylogenetic framework. Our study shows that the stapedial anatomy is more variable than previously thought. The morphological variation of the stapes led to the recognition of 11 phylogenetic characters that were included in a total evidence data matrix centered in the analysis of gomphodont cynodonts. Stapes morphology does not provide evidence to suggest a direct connection between the stapes and a postquadrate tympanic membrane (if present) and the hypothesis of a dorsal process as the site of attachment of a small ligament or the stapedial muscle is supported. The re-evaluation of the theories concerning the position of the tympanic membrane in non-mammaliaform cynodonts allowed us to conclude that the hypothetical postquadrate tympanic membrane associated with the squamosal sulcus is at best relictual and most likely non-functional (not connected with the stapes). The sound waves were most likely transmitted to the stapes from a postdentary tympanic membrane through the quadrate. Our analysis results in a better understanding of the auditory system in basal cynodonts and its evolution, highlighting the variability of the stapedial anatomy. Copyright: © 2015 Gaetano, Abdala.

Registro:

Documento: Artículo
Título:The stapes of gomphodont cynodonts: Insights into the middle ear structure of non-mammaliaform cynodonts
Autor:Gaetano, L.C.; Abdala, F.
Filiación:Instituto de Estudios Andinos Don Pablo Groeber, Departamento de Ciencias Geologicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
NRF, DST, Centre of Excellence in Palaeosciences, Johannesburg, South Africa
Palabras clave:animal tissue; Article; auditory system; Diademodon tetragonus; eardrum; Exaeretodon argentinus; Gomphodont cynodont; Langbergia modisei; Laurasiatheria; Luangwa drysdalli; Massetognathus pascuali; Menadon besairei; middle ear; morphological trait; nonhuman; phylogeny; Scalenodon angustifrons; stapes; Trirachodon berryi; anatomy and histology; animal; evolution; fossil; incus; skull; stapes; vertebrate; Animals; Biological Evolution; Ear, Middle; Fossils; Incus; Phylogeny; Skull; Stapes; Tympanic Membrane; Vertebrates
Año:2015
Volumen:10
Número:7
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131174
Título revista:PLoS ONE
Título revista abreviado:PLoS ONE
ISSN:19326203
CODEN:POLNC
Registro:https://bibliotecadigital.exactas.uba.ar/collection/paper/document/paper_19326203_v10_n7_p_Gaetano

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Citas:

---------- APA ----------
Gaetano, L.C. & Abdala, F. (2015) . The stapes of gomphodont cynodonts: Insights into the middle ear structure of non-mammaliaform cynodonts. PLoS ONE, 10(7).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131174
---------- CHICAGO ----------
Gaetano, L.C., Abdala, F. "The stapes of gomphodont cynodonts: Insights into the middle ear structure of non-mammaliaform cynodonts" . PLoS ONE 10, no. 7 (2015).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131174
---------- MLA ----------
Gaetano, L.C., Abdala, F. "The stapes of gomphodont cynodonts: Insights into the middle ear structure of non-mammaliaform cynodonts" . PLoS ONE, vol. 10, no. 7, 2015.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131174
---------- VANCOUVER ----------
Gaetano, L.C., Abdala, F. The stapes of gomphodont cynodonts: Insights into the middle ear structure of non-mammaliaform cynodonts. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(7).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131174