AMIGA (Auger Muons and Infill for the Ground Array) is an upgrade of the Pierre Auger Observatory designed to extend its energy range of detection and to directly measure the muon content of the cosmic ray primary particle showers. The array will be formed by an infill of surface water-Cherenkov detectors associated with buried scintillation counters employed for muon counting. Each counter is composed of three scintillation modules, with a 10 m 2 detection area per module. In this paper, a new generation of detectors, replacing the current multi-pixel photomultiplier tube (PMT) with silicon photo sensors (aka. SiPMs), is proposed. The selection of the new device and its front-end electronics is explained. A method to calibrate the counting system that ensures the performance of the detector is detailed. This method has the advantage of being able to be carried out in a remote place such as the one where the detectors are deployed. High efficiency results, i.e. 98 % efficiency for the highest tested overvoltage, combined with a low probability of accidental counting (∼2 %), show a promising performance for this new system. © 2017 IOP Publishing Ltd and Sissa Medialab srl.
Documento: | Artículo |
Título: | Muon counting using silicon photomultipliers in the AMIGA detector of the Pierre Auger observatory |
Autor: | Multitudinario:424 |
Filiación: | Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), Argentina Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEDEF, CONICET, Argentina Departamento de Física, Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, Argentina Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Argentina Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR), CONICET, U.N.R., Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Argentina Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Argentina Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina Observatorio Pierre Auger, Argentina Observatorio Pierre Auger, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Argentina University of Adelaide, Australia Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas (CBPF), Brazil Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Brazil Universidade de São Paulo, Inst. de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil Universidade de São Paulo, Inst. de Física, São Paulo, Brazil Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Brazil Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Brazil Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Brazil Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Brazil Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Instituto de Física, Brazil Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brazil Universidad Industrial de Santander, Colombia Institute of Physics (FZU), Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic Palacky University, RCPTM, Czech Republic University Prague, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Czech Republic Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, France Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, France Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, France Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Germany Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik (IEKP), Germany Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Germany Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik (IPE), Germany RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Germany Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Germany Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik - Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Germany INAF - Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo, Italy INFN, Laboratori del Gran Sasso, Italy INFN, Sezione di Catania, Italy INFN, Sezione di L'Aquila, Italy INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Italy INFN, Sezione di Milano, Italy INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Italy INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Italy INFN, Sezione di Torino, Italy Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Italy Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica E. De Giorgi, Italy Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Chimica e Fisica, Italy Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Italy Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Italy Università di Napoli Federico II, Dipartimento di Fisica Ettore Pancini, Italy Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Dipartimento di Fisica, Italy Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Italy Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Mexico Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV), Mexico Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIITA-IPN), Mexico Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Mexico Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Mexico Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, Netherlands KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, Netherlands Nationaal Instituut Voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Netherlands Stichting Astronomisch Onderzoek in Nederland (ASTRON), Dwingeloo, Netherlands Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Poland University of Łódź, Faculty of Astrophysics, Poland University of Łódź, Faculty of High-Energy Astrophysics, Poland Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas - LIP, Instituto Superior Técnico - IST, Universidade de Lisboa - UL, Portugal Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Romania Institute of Space Science, Romania University of Bucharest, Physics Department, Romania University Politehnica of Bucharest, Romania Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Slovenia Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Slovenia Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Spain Universidad de Granada, C.A.F.P.E., Spain Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain Case Western Reserve University, United States Colorado School of Mines, United States Colorado State University, United States Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, United States Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, United States Louisiana State University, United States Michigan Technological University, United States New York University, United States Northeastern University, United States Ohio State University, United States Pennsylvania State University, United States University of Chicago, United States University of Hawaii, United States University of Nebraska, United States University of New Mexico, United States School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Zeuthen, Germany SUBATECH, École des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, France |
Palabras clave: | Front-end electronics for detector readout; Pattern recognition, cluster finding, calibration and fitting methods; Performance of high energy physics detectors; Photon detectors for UV, visible and IR photons (solid-state) (PIN diodes, APDs, Si-PMTs, G-APDs, CCDs, EBCCDs, EMCCDs etc); Augers; Charged particles; Cosmic rays; Cosmology; High energy physics; Observatories; Pattern recognition; Photomultipliers; Photons; Scintillation; Semiconductor diodes; Surface waters; Detector readout; Fitting method; Front end electronics; High energy physics detector; Pierre Auger observatory; PiN diode; Silicon photomultiplier; Water Cherenkov detectors; Silicon detectors |
Año: | 2017 |
Volumen: | 12 |
Número: | 3 |
DOI: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/12/03/P03002 |
Título revista: | Journal of Instrumentation |
Título revista abreviado: | J. Instrum. |
ISSN: | 17480221 |
Registro: | https://bibliotecadigital.exactas.uba.ar/collection/paper/document/paper_17480221_v12_n3_p_Multitudinario |