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Abstract:

Extant crocodylians have a limited taxonomic and ecological diversity but they belong to a lineage (Crocodylomorpha) that includes basal and rather generalized species and a highly diverse clade, Crocodyliformes. The latter was among the most successful groups of Mesozoic tetrapods, both in terms of taxonomic and ecological diversity. Crocodyliforms thrived in terrestrial, semiaquatic, and marine environments, and their fossil diversity includes carnivorous, piscivorous, insectivorous, and herbivorous species. This remarkable ecological and trophic diversity is thought only to occur in forms with a completely akinetic skull, characterized by a functionally integrated and tightly sutured braincase-quadrate-palate complex. However, the patterns of evolutionary change that led to the highly modified skull of crocodyliforms and that likely enabled their diversification remain poorly understood. Herein, a new basal crocodylomorph from the Late Jurassic of Patagonia is described, Almadasuchus figarii gen. et sp. nov. The new taxon is known from a well-preserved posterior region of the skull as well as other craniomandibular and postcranial remains. Almadasuchus figarii differs from all other crocodylomorphs in the presence of six autapomorphic features, including the presence of a large lateral notch on the upper temporal bar, an otic shelf of the squamosal that is wider than long, a deep subtriangular concavity on the posterolateral surface of the squamosal, and an elongated pneumatopore on the ventral surface of the quadrate. Phylogenetic analysis focused on the origin of Crocodyliformes places Almadasuchus as the sister group of Crocodyliformes, supported by synapomorphic features of the skull (e.g. subtriangular basisphenoid, absence of basipterygoid process, absence of a sagittal ridge on the frontal, and a flat anterior skull roof with an ornamented dorsal surface). New braincase information provided by Almadasuchus and other crocodylomorphs indicates that most of the modifications on the posterior region of the skull of crocodyliforms, including the strongly sutured braincase, quadrate, and the extensive secondary palate appeared in a stepwise manner, and pre-dated the evolutionary changes in the snout, jaws, and dentition. This indicates that the progressively increased rigidity of the skull provided the structural framework that allowed the great ecological diversification of crocodyliforms during the course of the Mesozoic. The phylogenetic pattern of character acquisition inferred for the strongly sutured (akinetic) skull and the appearance of more diverse feeding behaviours that create high mechanical loads on the skull provides another interesting parallel between the evolution of Mesozoic crocodyliforms and the evolutionary origins of mammals.© 2013 Cambridge Philosophical Society.

Registro:

Documento: Artículo
Título:A new fossil from the Jurassic of Patagonia reveals the early basicranial evolution and the origins of Crocodyliformes
Autor:Pol, D.; Rauhut, O.W.M.; Lecuona, A.; Leardi, J.M.; Xu, X.; Clark, J.M.
Filiación:CONICET, Museo Paleontológico Egidio Feruglio, Avenida Fontana 140, Trelew, 9100, Argentina
Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, LMU München, Richard-Wagner-Street 10, Munich, 80333, Germany
CONICET, IDEAN, Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria Pab. II, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, C1428EHA, Argentina
Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Science, 142 Xiwai Street, Beijing, China
Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, United States
Palabras clave:Almadasuchus figarii; Braincase; Crocodyliformes; Evolution; Jurassic; Patagonia; Crocodylidae (all crocodiles); Crocodyliformes; Crocodylomorpha; Mammalia; Tetrapoda; anatomy and histology; animals; Argentina; biological evolution; classification; fossils; Phylogeny; Reptiles; Skull; Animals; Argentina; Biological Evolution; Fossils; Phylogeny; Reptiles; Skull
Año:2013
Volumen:88
Número:4
Página de inicio:862
Página de fin:872
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/brv.12030
Título revista:Biological Reviews
Título revista abreviado:Biol. Rev.
ISSN:14647931
Registro:https://bibliotecadigital.exactas.uba.ar/collection/paper/document/paper_14647931_v88_n4_p862_Pol

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Citas:

---------- APA ----------
Pol, D., Rauhut, O.W.M., Lecuona, A., Leardi, J.M., Xu, X. & Clark, J.M. (2013) . A new fossil from the Jurassic of Patagonia reveals the early basicranial evolution and the origins of Crocodyliformes. Biological Reviews, 88(4), 862-872.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/brv.12030
---------- CHICAGO ----------
Pol, D., Rauhut, O.W.M., Lecuona, A., Leardi, J.M., Xu, X., Clark, J.M. "A new fossil from the Jurassic of Patagonia reveals the early basicranial evolution and the origins of Crocodyliformes" . Biological Reviews 88, no. 4 (2013) : 862-872.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/brv.12030
---------- MLA ----------
Pol, D., Rauhut, O.W.M., Lecuona, A., Leardi, J.M., Xu, X., Clark, J.M. "A new fossil from the Jurassic of Patagonia reveals the early basicranial evolution and the origins of Crocodyliformes" . Biological Reviews, vol. 88, no. 4, 2013, pp. 862-872.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/brv.12030
---------- VANCOUVER ----------
Pol, D., Rauhut, O.W.M., Lecuona, A., Leardi, J.M., Xu, X., Clark, J.M. A new fossil from the Jurassic of Patagonia reveals the early basicranial evolution and the origins of Crocodyliformes. Biol. Rev. 2013;88(4):862-872.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/brv.12030