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Abstract:

Besides their effects on reproduction, estrogens exert neuroprotective effects for brain diseases. Thus, estrogens ameliorate the negative aspects of aging and age-associated diseases in the nervous system, including hypertension. Within the brain, the hippocampus is sensitive to the effects of hypertension, as exemplified in a genetic model, the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). In the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, SHR present decreased neurogenesis, astrogliosis, low expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), decreased number of neurons in the hilus and increased basal levels of the estrogen-synthesizing enzyme aromatase, with respect to the Wistar Kyoto (WKY) normotensive strain. In the hypothalamus, SHR show increased expression of the hypertensinogenic peptide arginine vasopressin (AVP) and its V1b receptor. From the therapeutic point of view, it was highly rewarding that estradiol treatment decreased blood pressure and attenuated brain abnormalities of SHR, rendering hypertension a suitable model to test estrogen neuroprotection. When estradiol treatment was given for 2 weeks, SHR normalized their faulty brain parameters. This was shown by the enhancement of neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, according to increased bromodeoxyuridine incorporation and doublecortin labeling, decreased reactive astrogliosis, increased BDNF mRNA and protein expression in the dentate gyrus, increased neuronal number in the hilus of the dentate gyrus and a further hyperexpression of aromatase. The presence of estradiol receptors in hippocampus and hypothalamus suggests the possibility of direct effects of estradiol on brain cells. Successful neuroprotection produced by estradiol in hypertensive rats should encourage the treatment with non-feminizing estrogens and estrogen receptor modulators for age-associated diseases. © 2012 Bentham Science Publishers.

Registro:

Documento: Artículo
Título:Neuroprotection and sex steroid hormones: Evidence of estradiol- mediated protection in hypertensive encephalopathy
Autor:de Nicola, A.F.; Brocca, M.E.; Pietranera, L.; Garcia-Segura, L.M.
Filiación:Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Biochemistry, Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental-CONICET, Obligado 2490, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
Department of Human Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, 1425 Buenos Aires, Argentina
Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Av. Doctor Arce 37, E-28002 Madrid, Spain
Palabras clave:Estradiol; Hippocampus; Hypertension; Hypothalamus; Neuroprotection; arginine; aromatase; brain derived neurotrophic factor; broxuridine; doublecortin; estradiol; estradiol receptor; messenger RNA; vasopressin; vasopressin V1b receptor; aging; article; astrocyte; astrocytosis; blood pressure; brain cell; dentate gyrus; diabetes mellitus; essential hypertension; hippocampus; human; hypertension encephalopathy; hypothalamus; nerve cell; nervous system development; neuroprotection; nonhuman; protein expression; spontaneously hypertensive rat; Animals; Blood Pressure; Brain; Estradiol; Humans; Hypertensive Encephalopathy; Neuroprotective Agents
Año:2012
Volumen:12
Número:11
Página de inicio:1081
Página de fin:1089
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138955712802762121
Título revista:Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry
Título revista abreviado:Mini-Rev. Med. Chem.
ISSN:13895575
CODEN:MMCIA
CAS:arginine, 1119-34-2, 15595-35-4, 7004-12-8, 74-79-3; aromatase, 9039-48-9; brain derived neurotrophic factor, 218441-99-7; broxuridine, 59-14-3; doublecortin, 202938-39-4; estradiol, 50-28-2; vasopressin, 11000-17-2; Estradiol, 50-28-2; Neuroprotective Agents
Registro:https://bibliotecadigital.exactas.uba.ar/collection/paper/document/paper_13895575_v12_n11_p1081_deNicola

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Citas:

---------- APA ----------
de Nicola, A.F., Brocca, M.E., Pietranera, L. & Garcia-Segura, L.M. (2012) . Neuroprotection and sex steroid hormones: Evidence of estradiol- mediated protection in hypertensive encephalopathy. Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry, 12(11), 1081-1089.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138955712802762121
---------- CHICAGO ----------
de Nicola, A.F., Brocca, M.E., Pietranera, L., Garcia-Segura, L.M. "Neuroprotection and sex steroid hormones: Evidence of estradiol- mediated protection in hypertensive encephalopathy" . Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 12, no. 11 (2012) : 1081-1089.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138955712802762121
---------- MLA ----------
de Nicola, A.F., Brocca, M.E., Pietranera, L., Garcia-Segura, L.M. "Neuroprotection and sex steroid hormones: Evidence of estradiol- mediated protection in hypertensive encephalopathy" . Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry, vol. 12, no. 11, 2012, pp. 1081-1089.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138955712802762121
---------- VANCOUVER ----------
de Nicola, A.F., Brocca, M.E., Pietranera, L., Garcia-Segura, L.M. Neuroprotection and sex steroid hormones: Evidence of estradiol- mediated protection in hypertensive encephalopathy. Mini-Rev. Med. Chem. 2012;12(11):1081-1089.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138955712802762121