Artículo

Chernajovsky, Y.; Annenkov, A.; Herman, C.; Triantaphyllopoulos, K.; Gould, D.; Dreja, H.; Moyes, S.P.; Croxford, J.L.; Mageed, R.A.; Podhajcer, O.L.; Baker, D. "Gene therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Theoretical considerations" (1998) Drugs and Aging. 12(1):29-41
Estamos trabajando para incorporar este artículo al repositorio
Consulte el artículo en la página del editor
Consulte la política de Acceso Abierto del editor

Abstract:

Current understanding of the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis has provided evidence that therapeutic benefit can be achieved by using antagonists targeted to the inflammatory cytokines involved, mainly tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1. Gene delivery of antagonists, which can inhibit the production or action of these cytokines and other mediators, has been achieved in experimental animal models. This new method of delivery can produce therapeutic effects at lower concentrations and in a local environment, overcoming the adverse effects that often accompany protein therapy. However, several technological and biological restraints preclude the immediate adaptation of this method to human treatment. Based on the experimental evidence, possible target therapeutic genes, cell types and vector systems that could be used are discussed in this article.

Registro:

Documento: Artículo
Título:Gene therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Theoretical considerations
Autor:Chernajovsky, Y.; Annenkov, A.; Herman, C.; Triantaphyllopoulos, K.; Gould, D.; Dreja, H.; Moyes, S.P.; Croxford, J.L.; Mageed, R.A.; Podhajcer, O.L.; Baker, D.
Filiación:Molecular Biology Laboratory, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, London, United Kingdom
Clinical Immunology Division, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, London, United Kingdom
Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
Fundación Campomar, Fac. de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Molecular Biology Laboratory, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, 1 Aspenlea Road, Hammersmith, London W6 8LH, United Kingdom
Palabras clave:antirheumatic agent; antisense oligonucleotide; cytokine; cytokine receptor; immunoglobulin enhancer binding protein; immunoglobulin fragment; interleukin 1; interleukin 1 receptor blocking agent; interleukin 10; plasmid DNA; transforming growth factor beta1; tumor necrosis factor alpha; tumor necrosis factor alpha antibody; virus vector; cell type; clinical trial; complement system; gene targeting; gene therapy; human; major clinical study; mediator; meta analysis; priority journal; review; rheumatoid arthritis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Gene Therapy; Genetic Vectors; Humans
Año:1998
Volumen:12
Número:1
Página de inicio:29
Página de fin:41
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00002512-199812010-00004
Título revista:Drugs and Aging
Título revista abreviado:Drugs Aging
ISSN:1170229X
CODEN:DRAGE
Registro:https://bibliotecadigital.exactas.uba.ar/collection/paper/document/paper_1170229X_v12_n1_p29_Chernajovsky

Referencias:

  • Feldmann, M., Brennan, F.M., Abney, E.R., Are imbalances in cytokine function of importance in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis? (1994) Immunopharmacology of Joints and Connective Tissue, pp. 119-128. , Davies ME, Dingle JT, editors. London: Academic Press
  • Feldmann, M., Brennan, F.M., Maini, R.N., Role of cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis (1996) Ann Rev Immunol, 14, pp. 397-440
  • Deighton, C.M., Wentzel, J., Cavanagh, G., Contribution of inherited factors to rheumatoid arthritis (1992) Ann Rheum Dis, 51, pp. 182-185
  • Stastny, P., Association of the B-cell alloantigen Drw4 with rheumatoid arthritis (1978) N Engl J Med, 298, pp. 869-872
  • Winchester, R., The molecular basis of susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (1994) Adv Immunol, 56, pp. 389-450
  • Londei, M., Persistence of collagen type II specific T cell clones in the synovial membrane of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis (1989) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 86, pp. 636-640
  • Gause, A., Gundlach, K., Zdichavsky, M., The B-lymphocyte in rheumatoid-arthritis - Analysis of rearranged V-kappa genes from B-cells infiltrating the synovial-membrane (1995) Eur J Immunol, 25, pp. 2775-2782
  • Moyes, S.P., Brown, C.M., Scott, B.B., Analysis of Vk genes in rheumatoid arthritis synovial B lymphocytes provides evidence for both polyclonal activation and antigen-driven selection (1996) Clin Exp Immunol, 105, pp. 89-98
  • Hingorani, R., Monteiro, J., Furie, R., Oligoclonality of V-beta-3 TCR chains in the CD8(+) T-cell population of rheumatoid-arthritis patients (1996) J Immunol, 156, pp. 852-858
  • Paliard, X., West, S.G., Lafferty, J.A., Evidence for the effects of a superantigen in rheumatoid arthritis (1991) Science, 253, pp. 325-329
  • Brennan, F.M., Chantry, D., Jackson, A., Inhibitory effect of TNF antibodies on synovial cell IL-1 production in rheumatoid arthritis (1989) Lancet, 11, pp. 244-247
  • Haworth, C., Brennan, F.M., Chantry, D., Expression of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in rheumatoid arthritis: Regulation by tumour necrosis factor alpha (1991) Rheumatol Int, 11, pp. 45-50
  • McInnes, I.B., Leung, B.P., Sturrock, R.D., IL-15 mediates T cell-dependent regulation of TNFα production in rheumatoid arthritis (1997) Nat Med, 3, pp. 189-195
  • Holmdahl, R., Jansson, L., Larsson, E., Homologous type II collagen induces chronic and progressive arthritis in mice (1986) Arthritis Rheum, 29, pp. 106-113
  • Holmdahl, R., Mo, J., Nordling, C., Collagen induced arthritis: An experimental model for rheumatoid arthritis with involvement of both DTH and immune complex mediated mechanisms (1989) Clin Exp Rheumatol, 7 (3 SUPPL.), pp. 51-55
  • Courtenay, J.S., Dallman, M.J., Dayan, A.D., Immunisation against type II collagen induces arthritis in mice (1980) Nature, 283, pp. 665-668
  • Elliott, M., Maini, R.N., Feldmann, M., Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with chimeric monoclonal antibodies to TNF alpha (1993) Arthritis Rheum, 36, pp. 1681-1689
  • Elliott, M.J., Maini, R.N., Feldmann, M., Randomised double blind comparison of a chimaeric monoclonal antibody to tumour necrosis factor alpha (cA2) versus placebo in rheumatoid arthritis (1994) Lancet, 344, pp. 1105-1110
  • Seki, N., Sudo, Y., Yoshioka, T., Type II-induced murine arthritis. I. Induction and preparation of arthritis require synergy between humoral and cell mediated immunity (1988) J Immunol, 140, pp. 1477-1484
  • Nabozny, G.H., Baisch, J.M., Cheng, S., HLA-DQ8 transgenic mice are highly susceptible to collagen-induced arthritis: A novel model for human polyarthritis (1996) J Exp Med, 183, pp. 27-37
  • Gonzalez-Gay, M.A., Nabozny, G.H., Bull, M.J., Protective role of major histocompatibility complex class II Ebd transgene on collagen-induced arthritis (1994) J Exp Med, 180, pp. 1559-1564
  • Mori, L., Loetscher, H., Kakimoto, K., Expression of a transgenic T cell receptor beta chain enhances collagen-induced arthritis (1992) J Exp Med, 176, pp. 381-388
  • Osman, G.E., Toda, M., Kanagawa, O., Characterization of the T cell receptor repertoire causing collagen arthritis in mice (1993) J Exp Med, 177, pp. 387-395
  • Banerjee, S., Anderson, G.D., Luthra, H.S., Influence of complement C5 and V-beta T cell receptor mutation on susceptibility to collagen-induced arthritis in mice (1989) J Immunol, 142, pp. 2237-2243
  • Keffer, J., Probert, L., Cazlaris, H., Transgenic mice expressing human TNF: A predictive genetic model of arthritis (1991) EMBO J, 10, pp. 4025-4031
  • McIntyre, K.W., Shuster, D.J., Gillooly, K.M., Reduced incidence and severity of collagen-induced arthritis in IL-12 deficient mice (1996) Eur J Immunol, 26, pp. 2933-2938
  • Hess, H., Gately, M.K., Rüde, E., High doses of IL-12 inhibit the development of joint disease in DBA/1 mice immunized with type II collagen in complete Freund's adjuvant (1996) Eur J Immunol, 26, pp. 187-191
  • Williams, R.O., Mason, E.J., Feldmann, M., Synergy between anti-CD4 and anti-TNF in the amelioration of established collagen-induced arthritis (1994) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 91, pp. 2762-2766
  • Williams, R.O., Feldmann, M., Maini, R.N., Anti-TNF ameliorates joint disease in murine collagen-induced arthritis (1992) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 89, pp. 9784-9788
  • Kasama, T., Strieter, R.M., Lukacs, N.W., IL-10 expression and chemokine regulation during the evolution of murine type I collagen-induced arthritis (1995) J Clin Invest, 95, pp. 2868-2876
  • Durie, F.H., Fava, R.A., Foy, T.M., Prevention of collagen induced arthritis with an antibody to gp39, the ligand to CD40 (1993) Science, 261, pp. 1328-1330
  • Webb, L., Walmsley, M.J., Feldmann, M., Prevention and amelioration of collagen-induced arthritis by blockade of the CD28 costimulatory pathway - Requirement for both B7-1 and B7-2 (1996) Eur J Immunol, 26, pp. 2320-2328
  • Mikecz, K., Brennan, F.R., Kim, J.H., Anti-CD44 treatment abrogates tissue oedema and leukocyte infiltration in murine arthritis (1995) Nat Med, 1, pp. 558-563
  • Kavanaugh, A., Nichols, L., Davis, L., Anti-CD54 (ICAM-1) monoclonal antibody therapy in refractory rheumatoid arthritis (1993) Arthritis Rheum, 36, pp. S40
  • Ilgo, Y., Takashi, T., Tamatani, T., ICAM-1 dependent pathway is critically involved in the pathogenesis of adjuvant arthritis (1991) J Immunol, 147, pp. 4167-4171
  • Plater-Zyberk, C., Bonnefoy, J.-Y., Marked amelioration of established collagen-induced arthritis by treatment with antibodies to CD23 in vivo (1995) Nat Med, 1, pp. 781-785
  • Wang, Y., Rollins, S.A., Madri, J.A., Anti-C5 monoclonal antibody therapy prevents collagen-induced arthritis and ameliorates established disease (1995) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 92, pp. 8955-8959
  • Malfait, A.-M., Butler, D., Presky, D.H., Blockade of IL-12 during the induction of collagen-induced arthritis markedly attenuates the severity of the arthritis Clin Exp Immunol., , In press
  • Lens, J.W., Van Der Bers, W.B., Van De Putte, L.B., Flare-up of antigen induced arthritis in mice after challenge with intravenous antisera: Effects of pretreatment with cobra venom factor and anti-lymphocyte antiserum (1984) Clin Exp Immunol, 3, pp. 520-528
  • Lanzavechia, A., Identifying strategies for immune intervention (1993) Science, 260, pp. 937-944
  • Lifely, M.R., Hale, C., Boyce, S., Glycosylation and biological activity of CAMPATH-1H expressed in different cell lines and grown under different culture conditions (1995) Glycobiology, 5, pp. 813-822
  • Gossen, M., Freundlieb, S., Bender, G., Transcriptional activation by tetracyclines in mammalian cells (1995) Science, 268, pp. 1766-1769
  • Bohl, D., Naffakh, N., Heard, J.-M., Long-term control of erythropoietin secretion by doxycycline in mice transplanted with engineered primary myoblasts (1997) Nat Med, 3, pp. 299-305
  • Colcher, D., Bird, R., Roselli, M., In vivo tumor targeting of a recombinant single-chain antigen-binding protein (1990) J Natl Cancer Inst, 82, pp. 1191-1197
  • Yokota, T., Milenic, D.E., Whitlow, M., Rapid tumor penetration of single-chain Fv and comparison with other immunoglobulin forms (1992) Cancer Res, 52, pp. 3402-3408
  • McCafferty, J., Griffiths, A.D., Winter, G., Phage antibodies: Filamentous phage displaying antibody variable domains (1990) Nature, 348, pp. 552-554
  • Deshane, J., Grim, J., Feng, M., Targeted eradication of erbB-2 over-expressing tumor-cells employing expression of an intracellular antibody-directed against the erbB-2 oncoprotein (1995) Eur J Cancer, 31 A, p. 21
  • Biocca, S., Cattanea, A., Intracellular immunization: Antibody targeting to subcellular compartments (1995) Trends Cell Biol, 5, pp. 248-252
  • Speiser, D.E., Sebzda, E., Ohteki, T., Tumor necrosis factor receptor p55 mediates deletion of peripheral cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vivo (1996) Eur J Immunol, 26, pp. 3055-3060
  • Williams, R.O., Ghrayeb, J., Feldmann, M., Successful therapy of collagen induced arthritis with TNF receptor-IgG fusion protein and combination with anti-CD4 (1995) Immunology, 84, pp. 433-439
  • Baker, D., Butler, D., Scallon, B.J., Control of established EAE by inhibition of TNF activity within the CNS using monoclonal antibodies and TNF receptor-immunoglobulin fusion proteins (1994) Eur J Immunol, 24, pp. 2040-2048
  • Moreland, L.W., Margolies, G., Heck Jr., L.W., Recombinant soluble TNF-R (p80) fusion protein: Toxicity and dose finding trial in refractory rheumatoid arthritis (1996) J Rheumatol, 23, pp. 1849-1855
  • Peppel, K., Crawford, D., Beutler, B., A TNF receptor-IgG heavy chain chimeric protein as a bivalent antagonist of TNF activity (1991) J Exp Med, 174, pp. 1483-1489
  • Bemelmans, M.H.A., Gouma, D.J., Buurman, W.A., Influence of nephrectomy on TNF receptor clearance in a murine model (1993) J Immunol, 150, pp. 2007-2017
  • Nophar, Y., Kemper, O., Brakebusch, C., Soluble forms of tumour necrosis factor receptors (TNF-Rs): The cDNA for type 1 TNF-R, cloned using amino acid sequence data of its soluble form, encodes both the cell surface and a soluble form of the receptor (1990) EMBO J, 9, pp. 3269-3278
  • Chernajovsky, Y., Adams, G., Podhajcer, O., Inhibition of transfer of collagen-induced arthritis into SCID mice by ex vivo infection of spleen cells with retroviruses expressing soluble human TNF receptor (1995) Gene Ther, 2, pp. 731-735
  • Neve, R., Kissonerghis, M., Feldmann, M., Expression of an efficient small molecular weight TNF/lymphotoxin antagonist (1996) Cytokine, 8, pp. 365-370
  • Chernajovsky, Y., Systemic gene therapy of arthritis Innovative Therapies for Rheumatoid Arthritis, , Robbins PD, Evans C, editors. Barcelona: Prous Science. In press
  • Croxford, J.L., Baker, D., Triantaphyllopoulos, K., Cytokine gene therapy in chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (1996) Multiple Sclerosis, 2, p. 20
  • Sioud, M., Natvig, J.B., Forre, O., Preformed ribozyme destroys tumor-necrosis-factor messenger RNA in human cells (1992) J Mol Biol, 223, pp. 831-835
  • Sioud, M., Interaction between tumor-necrosis-factor-alpha ribozyme and cellular proteins - Involvement in ribozyme stability and activity (1994) J Mol Biol, 242, pp. 619-629
  • Wooley, P.H., Whalen, J.D., Chapman, D.L., The effect of an IL-1ra protein on type II collagen-induced arthritis and antigen-induced arthritis in mice (1993) Arthritis Rheum, 36, pp. 1305-1314
  • Hung, G.L., Galea-Lauri, J., Mueller, G.M., Suppression of intra-articular responses to IL-1 by transfer of the IL-1 receptor antagonist gene to synovium (1994) Gene Ther, 1, pp. 64-69
  • Bandara, G., Mueller, G.M., Galea-Lauri, J., Intraarticular expression of biologically active IL-1 receptor antagonist protein by ex vivo gene transfer (1993) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 90, pp. 10764-10768
  • Makarov, S.S., Olsen, J.C., Johnston, W.N., Suppression of experimental arthritis by gene-transfer of IL-1 receptor antagonist cDNA (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 93, pp. 402-406
  • Otani, K., Nita, I., Macaulay, W., Suppression of antigen-induced arthritis in rabbits by ex vivo gene-therapy (1996) J Immunol, 56, pp. 3558-3562
  • Ghivizzani, S.C., Kang, R., Hatton, C., In vivo delivery of genes encoding soluble receptors for IL-1 and TNF-alpha results in a synergistic therapeutic effect in antigen-induced arthritis in the rabbit knee (1996) Arthritis Rheum, 39, pp. S308
  • Evans, C.H., Robbins, P.D., Ghivizzani, S.C., Clinical trial to assess safety, feasibility, and efficacy of transferring a potentially anti-arthritic cytokine gene to human joints with rheumatoid arthritis (1996) Hum Gene Ther, 7, pp. 1261-1280
  • Symons, J.A., Young, P.R., Duff, G.W., Soluble type-ii interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor binds and blocks processing of IL-1-beta precursor and loses affinity for IL-1 receptor antagonist (1995) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 92, pp. 1714-1718
  • Mosmann, T.R., Coffman, R.L., Heterogeneity of cytokine secretion patterns and functions of helper T cells (1989) Adv Immunol, 46, pp. 111-147
  • Mosmann, T.R., Sad, S., The expanding universe of T-cell subsets: Th1, Th2 and more (1996) Immunol Today, 17, pp. 138-146
  • D'Andrea, A., Aste-Amezaga, M., Valiante, N.M., IL-10 inhibits human lymphocyte IFN-gamma-production by suppressing natural killer cell stimulatory factor IL-12 synthesis in accessory cells (1993) J Exp Med, 178, pp. 1041-1048
  • Walmsley, M., Katsikis, P.D., Abney, E., Interleukin-10 inhibition of the progression of established collagen-induced arthritis (1996) Arthritis Rheum, 39, pp. 495-503
  • Del Prete, G., De Carli, M., Almerigogna, F., Human IL-10 is produced by both type 1 helper (Th1) and type 2 helper (Th2) T cell clones and inhibits their antigen-specific proliferation and cytokine production (1993) J Immunol, 150, pp. 353-360
  • Perez, L., Orte, J., Brieva, J.A., Terminal differentiation of spontaneous rheumatoid factor-secreting B cells from rheumatoid arthritis patients depends on endogenous IL-10 (1995) Arthritis Rheum, 38, pp. 1771-1776
  • Bessis, N., Boissier, M.C., Caput, D., Cytokine gene-therapy using IL-4 and IL-13 in murine collagen-induced arthritis (1994) Clin Res, 42, pp. A135
  • Bessis, N., Boissier, M.C., Ferrara, P., Attenuation of collagen-induced arthritis in mice by treatment with vector cells engineered to secrete IL-13 (1996) Eur J Immunol, 26, pp. 2399-2403
  • Hesse, M., Bayrak, S., Mitchison, A., Protective major histocompatibility complex genes and the role of IL-4 in collagen induced arthritis (1996) Eur J Immunol, 26, pp. 3234-3237
  • Erb, K.J., Rüger, B., Von Brevern, M., Constitutive expression of IL-4 in vivo causes autoimmune-type disorders in mice (1997) J Exp Med, 185, pp. 329-339
  • Lewis, D.B., Liggitt, H.D., Effmann, E.L., Osteoporosis induced in mice by overproduction of IL-4 (1993) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 90, pp. 11618-11622
  • Marcelleti, J.F., Katz, D.H., Collagen-induced arthritis in mice: Relationship of collagen-specific and total IgE synthesis to disease (1991) J Immunol, 147, pp. 4185-4191
  • Shull, M.M., Ormsby, I., Kier, A.B., Targeted disruption of the mouse TGF-beta1 gene results in multifocal inflammatory disease (1992) Nature, 359, pp. 693-699
  • Arsura, M., Wu, M., Soneshein, G., TGF b1 inhibits NF-kB/Rel activity inducing apoptosis of B cells: Transcriptional activation of IkBa (1996) Immunity, 5, pp. 31-40
  • Fontana, A., Constam, D.B., Frei, K., Modulation of the immune response by TGF beta (1992) Int Arch Allergy Immunol, 99, pp. 1-7
  • Günther, M., Haubeck, H.-D., Van De Leur, E., TGFb1 regulates TIMP-1 expression in differentiated articular chondrocytes (1994) Arthitis Rheum, 37, pp. 395-405
  • Morales, T.I., Roberts, A.B., TGF beta regulates the metabolism of proteoglycans in bovine cartilage organ cultures (1988) J Biol Chem, 263, pp. 12828-12831
  • Derynck, R., Structure of TGF alpha and beta and their precursors (1987) Oncogenes, Genes and Growth Factors, pp. 133-163. , Guroff G, editor. New York: Academic Press
  • Barcellos-Hoff, M.H., Derynck, R., Tsang, M.L., TGF beta activation in irradiated murine mammary gland (1994) J Clin Invest, 93, pp. 892-899
  • Brandes, M.E., Allen, J.B., Ogawa, Y., TGF beta1 suppresses acute and chronic arthritis in experimental animals (1991) J Clin Invest, 87, pp. 1108-1113
  • Kuruvilla, A.P., Shah, R., Hochwald, G.M., Protective effect of TGF beta1 on experimental autoimmune diseases in mice (1991) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 88, pp. 2918-2921
  • Allen, J.B., Manthey, C.L., Hand, A.R., Rapid onset synovial inflammation and hyperplasia induced by transforming growth factor b (1990) J Exp Med, 171, pp. 231-247
  • Raz, E., Dudler, J., Lotz, M., Modulation of disease activity in murine lupus erythematosus by cytokine gene delivery (1995) Lupus, 4, pp. 286-292
  • Giladi, E., Raz, E., Karmeli, F., TGFb gene therapy ameliorates experimental colitis in rats (1995) Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 7, pp. 341-347
  • Chernajovsky, Y., Adams, G., Triantaphyllopoulos, K., Pathogenic lymphoid cells engineered to express TGF beta 1 ameliorate disease in a collagen-induced arthritis model (1997) Gene Ther, 4, pp. 553-559
  • Mihara, M., Ikuta, M., Koishihara, Y., IL-6 inhibits delayed-type hypersensitivity and the development of adjuvant arthritis (1991) Eur J Immunol, 21, pp. 2327-2331
  • Aderka, D., Le, J., Vilcek, J., IL-6 inhibits LPS-induced TNF production in cultured human monocytes, U937 cells, and in mice (1989) J Immunol, 143, pp. 3517-3523
  • Schindler, R., Mancilla, J., Endres, S., Correlations and interactions in the production of IL-6, IL-1 and TNF in human blood mononuclear cells: IL-6 suppresses IL-1 and TNF (1990) Blood, 75, pp. 40-47
  • Tilg, H., Trehu, E., Atkins, M.B., IL-6 as an anti-inflammatory cytokine: Induction of circulating IL-1 receptor antagonist and soluble TNF receptor p55 (1994) Blood, 83, pp. 113-118
  • Lotz, M., Guerne, P.-A., Interleukin-6 induces synthesis of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (1991) J Biol Chem, 266, pp. 2017-2020
  • Devajyothi, C., Kalvakolanu, I., Babcock, G.T., Inhibition of IFN gamma-induced MHC class II gene transcription by IFN beta and TGF beta1 in human astrocytoma cells (1993) J Biol Chem, 268, pp. 18794-18800
  • Fearon, D.T., Carter, R.H., The CD19/CR2/tapa-1 complex of B lymphocytes: Linking natural to acquired immunity (1995) Ann Rev Immunol, 13, pp. 127-149
  • Weisman, H.F., Bartow, T., Leppo, M.K., Soluble human complement receptor 1: In vivo inhibitor of complement suppressing post-ischemic myocardial inflammation and necrosis (1990) Science, 249, pp. 146-151
  • Mulligan, R., The basic science of gene therapy (1993) Science, 260, pp. 926-932
  • Riddel, S.R., Elliott, M., Lewinsohn, D.A., T-cell mediated rejection of gene-modified HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in HIV-infected patients (1996) Nat Med, 2, pp. 216-223
  • Dai, Y., Schwarz, E.M., Gu, D., Cellular and humoral immune responses to adenoviral vectors containing factor IX gene: Tolerization of factor IX and vector antigens allows for long-term expression (1995) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 92, pp. 1401-1405
  • Wilson, J.M., Adenoviruses as gene delivery vehicles (1996) N Engl J Med, 334, pp. 1185-1187
  • Takeuchi, Y., Porter, C.D., Strahan, K.M., Sensitization of cells and retroviruses to human serum by (alpha-1-3) galactosyl transferase (1996) Nature, 379, pp. 85-88
  • Naldini, L., Blömer, U., Gallay, P., In vivo gene delivery and stable transduction of nondividing cells by a lentiviral vector (1996) Science, 272, pp. 263-267
  • Nilson, B., Morling, F.J., Cosset, F.L., Targeting of retroviral vectors through protease-substrate interactions (1996) Gene Ther, 3, pp. 280-286
  • Cosset, F.L., Morling, F.J., Takeuchi, Y., Retroviral retargeting by envelopes expressing an N-terminal binding domain (1995) J Virol, 69, pp. 6314-6322
  • Cosset, F.L., Russell, S.J., Targeting retrovirus entry (1996) Gene Ther, 3, pp. 946-956
  • Kozarsky, K.F., Wilson, J.M., Gene therapy: Adenovirus vectors (1993) Curr Opin Genet Dev, 3, pp. 499-503
  • Gorziglia, M.I., Kadan, M.J., Yei, S., Elimination of both E1 and E2a from adenovirus vectors further improves prospects for in vivo human gene therapy (1996) J Virol, 70, pp. 4173-4178
  • Flotte, T.R., Carter, B.J., Adeno-associated virus vectors for gene therapy (1995) Gene Ther, 2, pp. 357-362
  • Chernajovsky, Y., Feldmann, M., Maini, R.N., Gene therapy of rheumatoid arthritis via cytokine regulation: Future perspectives (1995) Br Med Bull, 51, pp. 503-516
  • Xiang, Z., Ertl, H.C.J., Manipulation of the immune response to a plasmid encoded viral antigen by co-inoculation with plasmids expressing cytokines (1995) Immunity, 2, pp. 129-135
  • Hsu, C.-H., Chua, K.-Y., Tao, M.-H., Immunoprophylaxis of allergen-induced IgE synthesis and airway hyperresponsiveness in vivo by genetic immunization (1996) Nat Med, 2, pp. 540-544
  • Nabel, G.J., Gordon, D., Bishop, D.K., Immune response in human melanoma after transfer of an allogeneic class I MHC gene with DNA-liposome complexes (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 93, pp. 15388-15393
  • Hakim, I., Levy, S., Levy, R., A nine amino acid peptide from IL-1beta augments antitumor immune responses induced by protein and DNA vaccines (1996) J Immunol, 157, pp. 5503-5511
  • Makurov, S.S., Baldwin, A.S., Local suppression of NFkB inhibits experimental arthritis in rats (1996) Arthritis Rheum, 39, p. 563
  • Tomita, T., Hashimoto, H., Tomita, N., Potential gene therapy tor rheumatoid arthritis - Transfection of NFkB decoy inhibited production of interleukin-1 from synovial tissue of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (1996) Arthritis Rheum, 39, p. 577
  • Makarov, S.S., Johnston, W.N., Olsen, J.C., Gene-transfer of IkBα inhibits inflammatory responses in monocytic and stromal cells (1996) J Leukoc Biol, p. 289
  • Wrighton, C.J., Hofer-Warbinek, R., Moll, T., Inhibition of endothelial cell activation by adenovirus-mediated expression of IkBa, an inhibitor of the transcription factor NF-kB (1996) J Exp Med, 183, pp. 1013-1022
  • Neurath, M.F., Pettersson, S., Meyer Zum Büschenfelde, K.-H., Local administration of antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides to the p65 subunit of NF-kB abrogates established experimental colitis in mice (1996) Nat Med, 2, pp. 998-1004
  • Bandara, G., Robbins, P.D., Georgescu, H.I., Gene transfer to synoviocytes: Prospects for gene treatment of arthritis (1992) DNA Cell Biol, 11, pp. 227-231
  • Makarov, S.S., Olsen, J.C., Johnston, W.N., Retrovirus-mediated in vivo gene-transfer to synovium in bacterial cell wall-induced arthritis in rats (1995) Gene Ther, 2, pp. 424-428
  • Nita, I., Ghivizzani, S.C., Galealauri, J., Direct gene delivery to synovium - An evaluation of potential vectors in vitro and in vivo (1996) Arthritis Rheum, 39, pp. 820-828
  • Roessler, B.J., Allen, E.D., Wilson, J.M., Adenoviral-mediated gene transfer to rabbit synovium in vivo (1993) J Clin Invest, 92, pp. 1085-1092
  • Firestein, G.S., Nguyen, K., Aupperle, K.R., Apoptosis in rheumatoid arthritis - p53 overexpression in rheumatoid arthritis synovium (1996) Am J Pathol, 149, pp. 2143-2151
  • Gay, S., Huang, G.-Q., Ziegler, B., Expression of myb, myc, ras and fos oncogenes in synovial cells of patients with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis (1989) Arthritis Rheum, 32 (SUPPL.), p. 59
  • Isomaki, P., Soderstrom, K.O., Punnonen, J., Expression of bcl-2 in rheumatoid arthritis (1996) Br J Rheumatol, 35, pp. 611-619
  • Roivainen, A., Soderstrom, K.O., Pirila, L., Oncoprotein expression in human synovial tissue - An immunohistochemical study of different types of arthritis (1996) Br J Rheumatol, 35, pp. 933-942
  • Roivainen, A., Jalava, J., Pirila, L., H-ras oncogene point mutations in arthritic synovium (1996) Arthritis Rheum, 40, pp. 1636-1643
  • Berenblum, I., The mechanisms of carcinogenesis - A study of the significance of co-carcinogenic action and related phenomena (1981) Cancer J Clinicians, 31, pp. 241-253
  • Baragi, V.M., Renkiewicz, R.R., Jordan, H., Transplantation of transduced chondrocytes protects articular cartilage from interleukin 1-induced extracellular matrix degradation (1995) J Clin Invest, 96, pp. 2454-2460

Citas:

---------- APA ----------
Chernajovsky, Y., Annenkov, A., Herman, C., Triantaphyllopoulos, K., Gould, D., Dreja, H., Moyes, S.P.,..., Baker, D. (1998) . Gene therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Theoretical considerations. Drugs and Aging, 12(1), 29-41.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00002512-199812010-00004
---------- CHICAGO ----------
Chernajovsky, Y., Annenkov, A., Herman, C., Triantaphyllopoulos, K., Gould, D., Dreja, H., et al. "Gene therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Theoretical considerations" . Drugs and Aging 12, no. 1 (1998) : 29-41.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00002512-199812010-00004
---------- MLA ----------
Chernajovsky, Y., Annenkov, A., Herman, C., Triantaphyllopoulos, K., Gould, D., Dreja, H., et al. "Gene therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Theoretical considerations" . Drugs and Aging, vol. 12, no. 1, 1998, pp. 29-41.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00002512-199812010-00004
---------- VANCOUVER ----------
Chernajovsky, Y., Annenkov, A., Herman, C., Triantaphyllopoulos, K., Gould, D., Dreja, H., et al. Gene therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Theoretical considerations. Drugs Aging. 1998;12(1):29-41.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00002512-199812010-00004