Atmospheric parameters, such as pressure (P), temperature (T) and density (ρ ∝ P / T), affect the development of extensive air showers initiated by energetic cosmic rays. We have studied the impact of atmospheric variations on extensive air showers by means of the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory. The rate of events shows a ∼ 10 % seasonal modulation and ∼ 2 % diurnal one. We find that the observed behaviour is explained by a model including the effects associated with the variations of P and ρ. The former affects the longitudinal development of air showers while the latter influences the Molière radius and hence the lateral distribution of the shower particles. The model is validated with full simulations of extensive air showers using atmospheric profiles measured at the site of the Pierre Auger Observatory. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Documento: | Artículo |
Título: | Atmospheric effects on extensive air showers observed with the surface detector of the Pierre Auger observatory |
Autor: | Multitudinario:473 |
Filiación: | Centro Atómico Bariloche, Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina Centro Atomico Constituyentes (Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica/CONICET/UTN-FRBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEFA, CONICET, Argentina Departamento de Física, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, La Plata, Argentina Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina Observatorio Meteorologico Parque Gral. San Martin (UTN- FRM/CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina Pierre Auger Southern Observatory, Malargüe, Argentina Pierre Auger Southern Observatory and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia Universidad Catolica de Bolivia, La Paz, Bolivia Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Bolivia Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil Pontifícia Universidade Católica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Carlos, SP, Brazil Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, SP, Brazil Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Brazil Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Vitoria da Conquista, BA, Brazil Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil Universidade Federal, ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Fisica, Niterói, RJ, Brazil Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic Institute of Physics, the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France Laboratoire AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC), Université Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris Cedex 05, France Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier, INPG, Grenoble, France SUBATECH, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Germany Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università, INFN, Genova, Italy Università dell'Aquila, INFN, L'Aquila, Italy Università di Milano, Sezione INFN, Milan, Italy Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università del Salento, Sezione INFN, Lecce, Italy Università di Napoli Federico II, Sezione INFN, Napoli, Italy Università di Roma II Tor Vergata, Sezione INFN, Roma, Italy Università di Catania, Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy Università di Torino, Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo (INAF), Palermo, Italy Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario (INAF), Università di Torino, Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi, L'Aquila, Italy Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, IPN (CINVESTAV), México, DF, Mexico Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, DF, Mexico Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, DF, Mexico IMAPP, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands ASTRON, Dwingeloo, Netherlands Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland University of Łódź, Łódz, Poland LIP, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisboa, Portugal J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Slovenia Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain Universidad de Granada, C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, United Kingdom Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, United States Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, United States Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States Colorado State University, Pueblo, CO, United States Fermilab, Batavia, IL, United States Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States New York University, New York, NY, United States Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, IL, United States University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology (INST), Hanoi, Viet Nam |
Palabras clave: | Atmosphere; Extensive air showers; UHECR; Weather; Air showers; Atmosphere; Atmospheric effects; Atmospheric parameters; Atmospheric profile; Atmospheric variations; Extensive air showers; Lateral distributions; Pierre Auger observatory; Shower particle; Surface detectors; UHECR; Weather; Augers; Cosmic rays; Cosmology; Ionizing radiation; Observatories; Buildings |
Año: | 2009 |
Volumen: | 32 |
Número: | 2 |
Página de inicio: | 89 |
Página de fin: | 99 |
DOI: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2009.06.004 |
Título revista: | Astroparticle Physics |
Título revista abreviado: | Astropart. Phys. |
ISSN: | 09276505 |
CODEN: | APHYE |
Registro: | https://bibliotecadigital.exactas.uba.ar/collection/paper/document/paper_09276505_v32_n2_p89_Multitudinario |