A method is developed to search for air showers initiated by photons using data recorded by the surface detector of the Auger Observatory. The approach is based on observables sensitive to the longitudinal shower development, the signal risetime and the curvature of the shower front. Applying this method to the data, upper limits on the flux of photons of 3.8 × 10- 3, 2.5 × 10- 3, and 2.2 × 10- 3 km- 2 sr- 1 yr- 1 above 1019 eV, 2 × 1019 eV, and 4 × 1019 eV are derived, with corresponding limits on the fraction of photons being 2.0%, 5.1%, and 31% (all limits at 95% c.l.). These photon limits disfavor certain exotic models of sources of cosmic rays. The results also show that the approach adopted by the Auger Observatory to calibrate the shower energy is not strongly biased by a contamination from photons. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Documento: | Artículo |
Título: | Upper limit on the cosmic-ray photon flux above 1019 eV using the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory |
Autor: | Multitudinario:454 |
Filiación: | Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEFA, CONICET, Argentina Centro Atómico Constituyentes, CNEA, Buenos Aires, Argentina Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, CONICET, Argentina Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, UTN-FRBA, Argentina Centro Atómico Bariloche, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina Departamento de Física, Centro Atómico Bariloche, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Argentina Centro Atómico Bariloche, Comision Nacional de Energía Atómica, Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNC), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina Departamento de Física, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Fundación Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Argentina IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, La Plata, Argentina Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina Pierre Auger Southern Observatory, Malargüe, Argentina Pierre Auger Southern Observatory and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, FR-Mendoza, Argentina Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, FR-Mendoza and Fundación Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Argentina University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia Universidad Catolica de Bolivia, La Paz, Bolivia Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Bolivia Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil Pontifícia Universidade Católica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil Universidade de Sao Paulo, Inst. de Fisica, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Universidade Estadual de Campinas, IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil Univ. Estadual de Feira de Santana, Brazil Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Vitoria da Conquista, BA, Brazil Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil Universidade Federal, ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil Univ. Federal Fluminense, Inst. de Fisica, Niterói, RJ, Brazil Charles University, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic Institute of Physics, the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic Institut de Physique Nucléaire, Université Paris-Sud, IN2P3/CNRS, Orsay, France Laboratoire AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris 7, IN2P3/CNRS, Paris, France Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, Université Paris-Sud, IN2P3/CNRS, Orsay, France Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Universités Paris 6 and 7, IN2P3/CNRS, Paris Cedex 05, France Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Grenoble 1, Grenoble, France Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gausstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruhe, Germany Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Germany Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany Universität Siegen, Siegen, Germany Università de l'Aquila, Sezione INFN, Aquila, Italy Università di Milano, Sezione INFN, Milan, Italy Università del Salento, Sezione INFN, Lecce, Italy Università di Napoli Federico II, Sezione INFN, Napoli, Italy Università di Roma II Tor Vergata, Sezione INFN, Roma, Italy Università di Catania, Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy Università di Torino, Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo (INAF), Palermo, Italy Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario (INAF), Università di Torino, Sezione INFN, Torino, Italy INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi, L'Aquila, Italy Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Florence, Italy Sezione INFN di Napoli, Napoli, Italy Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, IPN (CINVESTAV), México, D.F., Mexico Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacan, Mexico Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, D.F., Mexico IMAPP, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands NIKHEF, Amsterdam, Netherlands ASTRON, Dwingeloo, Netherlands Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland University of Łódź, Łódz, Poland LIP, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisboa, Portugal J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Slovenia Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain Universidad de Granada, C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom Institute of Integrated Information Systems, University of Leeds, United Kingdom School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, United Kingdom Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, United States Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, United States Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States Colorado State University, Pueblo, CO, United States Fermilab, Batavia, IL, United States Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, United States New York University, New York, NY, United States Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, IL, United States University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam |
Palabras clave: | Auger electron spectroscopy; Cosmic rays; Molecular modeling; Particle detectors; Air showers; Exotic models; Photon flux; Surface detectors; Photons |
Año: | 2008 |
Volumen: | 29 |
Número: | 4 |
Página de inicio: | 243 |
Página de fin: | 256 |
DOI: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2008.01.003 |
Título revista: | Astroparticle Physics |
Título revista abreviado: | Astropart. Phys. |
ISSN: | 09276505 |
CODEN: | APHYE |
Registro: | https://bibliotecadigital.exactas.uba.ar/collection/paper/document/paper_09276505_v29_n4_p243_Multitudinario |