We performed a quantitative comparison of brittle thrust wedge experiments to evaluate the variability among analogue models and to appraise the reproducibility and limits of model interpretation. Fifteen analogue modeling laboratories participated in this benchmark initiative. Each laboratory received a shipment of the same type of quartz and corundum sand and all laboratories adhered to a stringent model building protocol and used the same type of foil to cover base and sidewalls of the sandbox. Sieve structure, sifting height, filling rate, and details on off-scraping of excess sand followed prescribed procedures. Our analogue benchmark shows that even for simple plane-strain experiments with prescribed stringent model construction techniques, quantitative model results show variability, most notably for surface slope, thrust spacing and number of forward and backthrusts. One of the sources of the variability in model results is related to slight variations in how sand is deposited in the sandbox. Small changes in sifting height, sifting rate, and scraping will result in slightly heterogeneous material bulk densities, which will affect the mechanical properties of the sand, and will result in lateral and vertical differences in peak and boundary friction angles, as well as cohesion values once the model is constructed. Initial variations in basal friction are inferred to play the most important role in causing model variability. Our comparison shows that the human factor plays a decisive role, and even when one modeler repeats the same experiment, quantitative model results still show variability. Our observations highlight the limits of up-scaling quantitative analogue model results to nature or for making comparisons with numerical models. The frictional behavior of sand is highly sensitive to small variations in material state or experimental set-up, and hence, it will remain difficult to scale quantitative results such as number of thrusts, thrust spacing, and pop-up width from model to nature. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd
Documento: | Artículo |
Título: | Benchmarking analogue models of brittle thrust wedges |
Autor: | Schreurs, G.; Buiter, S.J.H.; Boutelier, J.; Burberry, C.; Callot, J.-P.; Cavozzi, C.; Cerca, M.; Chen, J.-H.; Cristallini, E.; Cruden, A.R.; Cruz, L.; Daniel, J.-M.; Da Poian, G.; Garcia, V.H.; Gomes, C.J.S.; Grall, C.; Guillot, Y.; Guzmán, C.; Hidayah, T.N.; Hilley, G.; Klinkmüller, M.; Koyi, H.A.; Lu, C.-Y.; Maillot, B.; Meriaux, C.; Nilfouroushan, F.; Pan, C.-C.; Pillot, D.; Portillo, R.; Rosenau, M.; Schellart, W.P.; Schlische, R.W.; Take, A.; Vendeville, B.; Vergnaud, M.; Vettori, M.; Wang, S.-H.; Withjack, M.O.; Yagupsky, D.; Yamada, Y. |
Filiación: | Institute of Geological Sciences, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 1 & 3, Bern, CH 3012, Switzerland Geodynamics Team, Geological Survey of Norway, Trondheim, 7491, Norway The Centre for Earth Evolution and Dynamics, University of Oslo, PO Box 1048, Blindern, Oslo 0316, Norway Department of Geology, University of Toronto, 22 Russell St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B1, Canada Hans Ramberg Tectonic Laboratory, Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Villavägen, Uppsala S-75326, Sweden IFP Energies Nouvelles, 1 et 4 avenue de Bois Préau, Rueil Malmaison, Cedex F-92500, France NEXT – Natural and Experimental Tectonics Research Group, Department of Physics and Earth Sciences “Macedonio Melloni”, University of Parma, Via G. Usberti 157/A, Parma, I-43100, Italy Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Centro de Geociencias, Blvd Juriquilla 3001, Juriquilla, Queretaro 76230, Mexico Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road Section 4Taipei 106, Taiwan Departamento de Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, Braun Hall 215, Stanford, CA 94305-2115, United States Departamento de Geologia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Morro do Cruzeiro s/n, 35, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais 400-000, Brazil Université Lille-Nord de France, Laboratoire Géosystèmes, FRE CNRS 3298, Villeneuve d'Ascq, Cedex 59655, France Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8066, United States Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, Braun Hall 233, Stanford, CA 94305-2115, United States Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan Laboratoire Géosciences et Environnement Cergy, Université de Cergy-Pontoise, 5 Mail Gay-Lussac, Neuville-sur-Oise, Cergy-Pontoise, Cedex 95031, France School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam, GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam D-14473, Germany Department of Civil Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada Université Lille, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, Lille, F 59000, France Department of Civil and Earth Resources Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8540, Japan |
Palabras clave: | Analogue modeling; Benchmarking; Brittle wedges; Cohesion; Critical taper; Friction; Sand; Shear zones; Thrust wedges; Adhesion; Benchmarking; Friction; Strain; Tribology; Analogue modeling; Brittle wedges; Cohesion; Critical taper; Shear zone; Thrust wedges; Sand; analog model; benchmarking; cohesion; friction; numerical model; sand; shear zone; thrust |
Año: | 2016 |
Volumen: | 92 |
Página de inicio: | 116 |
Página de fin: | 139 |
DOI: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2016.03.005 |
Título revista: | Journal of Structural Geology |
Título revista abreviado: | J. Struct. Geol. |
ISSN: | 01918141 |
Registro: | https://bibliotecadigital.exactas.uba.ar/collection/paper/document/paper_01918141_v92_n_p116_Schreurs |