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Abstract:

In the Upper Valley of Río Negro and Río Neuquén in Argentina, agriculture represents the second most important economic activity. Azinphos-methyl has been found in water from this region throughout the year at a maximum concentration of 22.48μgL-1 during the application period. Toxicological studies on local non-target species have been performed mostly on vertebrates, while mollusks, which could be more sensitive, have not been studied so far. This work aims to characterize cholinesterase (ChE) and carboxilesterase (CE) activities of Chilina gibbosa, a freshwater gastropod native to southern Argentina and Chile. These enzymes, together with neurotoxicity signals, are evaluated herein after as sensitive biomarkers of exposure to azinphos-methyl at environmentally relevant concentrations. Effects of azinphos-methyl on antioxidant defenses: glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) are also studied in order to complete a set of biomarkers with different sensitivity and specificity, to propose C. gibbosa as a sentinel species. The highest specific activity was obtained with acetylthiocholine as substrate, followed by propionylthiocholine (83% in comparison to acetylthiocholine) and butyrylthiocholine (19%).The lowest Km and the highest efficiency for ChE were obtained with acetylthiocholine. Regarding CEs activities, a higher efficiency was obtained with p-nitrophenyl butyrate than with p-nitrophenyl acetate. Eserine produced significant inhibition of ChE activity (81% with 0.001mM and 98% with 1mM) while iso-OMPA did not produce any significant effect on ChE. Our results show that C. gibbosa ChE is very sensitive to azinphos-methyl (CI50 0.02μgL-1) while CEs are inhibited at higher concentrations (CI50 1000μgL-1). CEs have been reported to be more sensitive to OPs than ChEs in most of the aquatic invertebrates protecting the organisms from neurotoxic effects. In contrast, C. gibbosa, has ChE which are much more sensitive to azinphos-methyl than CEs and shows marked signs of neurotoxicity. Regarding antioxidant defenses, GSH levels were significantly increased by 0.02 and 20μgL-1 azinphos-methyl (80 and 103%, respectively), CAT activity was increased 85% only at 0.02μgL-1 and SOD and GST did not show any significant response. Since ChE activity, neurotoxicity signs, GSH and CAT are sensitive biomarkers of acute exposure to azinphos-methyl at environmental concentrations C. gibbosa could be included as sentinel species in monitoring programs of pesticide hazard in regions of Argentina and Chile. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.

Registro:

Documento: Artículo
Título:Cholinesterases and neurotoxicity as highly sensitive biomarkers for an organophosphate insecticide in a freshwater gastropod (Chilina gibbosa) with low sensitivity carboxylesterases
Autor:Bianco, K.; Yusseppone, M.S.; Otero, S.; Luquet, C.; Ríos de Molina, M.D.C.; Kristoff, G.
Filiación:Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Nuñez, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina
IQUIBICEN-CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, Nuñez, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática (INBIOMA CONICET-UNCo), Junín de los Andes, Neuquén, Argentina
Palabras clave:Antioxidant defenses; Azinphos-methyl; B-esterases; Biomarkers; Invertebrates; 4 nitrophenyl acetate; acetylthiocholine; azinphos methyl; butyric acid 4 nitrophenyl ester; butyrylthiocholine; carboxylesterase; catalase; choline derivative; cholinesterase; glutathione; glutathione transferase; nitrogen derivative; organophosphate insecticide; physostigmine; propionylthiocholine; superoxide dismutase; unclassified drug; antioxidant; biomarker; ecotoxicology; enzyme activity; gastropod; insecticide; organophosphate; toxicity; acute toxicity; animal experiment; animal tissue; article; Chilina gibbosa; controlled study; enzyme activity; enzyme substrate; gastropod; IC 50; neurotoxicity; nonhuman; priority journal; sensitivity and specificity; Argentina; Neuquen Basin; Rio Negro [Argentina]; 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene; 5,5′-dithio-2-bis-nitrobenzoate; 50% inhibition concentration; acetylthiocholine iodide; Antioxidant defenses; ASCh; Azinphos-methyl; B-esterases; Biomarkers; BSCh; butyrylthiocholine iodide; carboxylesterase; CAT; catalase; CDNB; CE; ChE; cholinesterase; DTNB; glutathione; glutathione S-transferase; GSH; GST; IC(50); Invertebrates; iso-OMPA; NOEC; OP; organophosphate insecticide; p-nitrophenyl acetate; p-nitrophenyl butyrate; p-NPA; p-NPB; propionylthiocholine iodide; PrSCh; SOD; superoxide dismutase; tetraisopropyl pyrophosphoramide; the no observed effect concentration; Animals; Argentina; Biological Markers; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Cholinesterases; Environmental Monitoring; Gastropoda; Insecticides; Motor Activity; Nervous System; Organophosphorus Compounds; Water Pollutants, Chemical
Año:2013
Volumen:144-145
Página de inicio:26
Página de fin:35
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.09.025
Título revista:Aquatic Toxicology
Título revista abreviado:Aquat. Toxicol.
ISSN:0166445X
CODEN:AQTOD
CAS:4 nitrophenyl acetate, 830-03-5; acetylthiocholine, 1797-69-9, 4468-05-7; azinphos methyl, 86-50-0; butyric acid 4 nitrophenyl ester, 2635-84-9; butyrylthiocholine, 1866-16-6, 4555-00-4; carboxylesterase, 59536-71-9, 83380-83-0, 9016-18-6, 9028-01-7; catalase, 9001-05-2; cholinesterase, 9001-08-5; glutathione, 70-18-8; glutathione transferase, 50812-37-8; physostigmine, 57-47-6, 64-47-1; propionylthiocholine, 24578-90-3; superoxide dismutase, 37294-21-6, 9016-01-7, 9054-89-1
Registro:https://bibliotecadigital.exactas.uba.ar/collection/paper/document/paper_0166445X_v144-145_n_p26_Bianco

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Citas:

---------- APA ----------
Bianco, K., Yusseppone, M.S., Otero, S., Luquet, C., Ríos de Molina, M.D.C. & Kristoff, G. (2013) . Cholinesterases and neurotoxicity as highly sensitive biomarkers for an organophosphate insecticide in a freshwater gastropod (Chilina gibbosa) with low sensitivity carboxylesterases. Aquatic Toxicology, 144-145, 26-35.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.09.025
---------- CHICAGO ----------
Bianco, K., Yusseppone, M.S., Otero, S., Luquet, C., Ríos de Molina, M.D.C., Kristoff, G. "Cholinesterases and neurotoxicity as highly sensitive biomarkers for an organophosphate insecticide in a freshwater gastropod (Chilina gibbosa) with low sensitivity carboxylesterases" . Aquatic Toxicology 144-145 (2013) : 26-35.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.09.025
---------- MLA ----------
Bianco, K., Yusseppone, M.S., Otero, S., Luquet, C., Ríos de Molina, M.D.C., Kristoff, G. "Cholinesterases and neurotoxicity as highly sensitive biomarkers for an organophosphate insecticide in a freshwater gastropod (Chilina gibbosa) with low sensitivity carboxylesterases" . Aquatic Toxicology, vol. 144-145, 2013, pp. 26-35.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.09.025
---------- VANCOUVER ----------
Bianco, K., Yusseppone, M.S., Otero, S., Luquet, C., Ríos de Molina, M.D.C., Kristoff, G. Cholinesterases and neurotoxicity as highly sensitive biomarkers for an organophosphate insecticide in a freshwater gastropod (Chilina gibbosa) with low sensitivity carboxylesterases. Aquat. Toxicol. 2013;144-145:26-35.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.09.025