Artículo

Este artículo es de Acceso Abierto y puede ser descargado en su versión final desde nuestro repositorio
Consulte el artículo en la página del editor
Consulte la política de Acceso Abierto del editor

Abstract:

Longitudinal dependences of stratospheric gravity wave (GW) fluctuations and lower ionospheric irregularities (sporadic E) at midlatitudes are studied by means of radio occultation data of the Global Positioning System/Meteorology Experiment (GPS/MET) satellite mission. The zonal average of temperature variance of GW fluctuations with vertical scales less than 7 km at northern midlatitudes is observed to be similar to that at southern midlatitudes, but there is a significant interhemispheric difference in the longitudinal dependence of GW fluctuations. The GPS/MET data at northern midlatitudes show a rapid change of the gravity wave distribution from 25 to 35 km height, resulting in a broad maximum of temperature variance located over the Atlantic and Eurasia. We only find in the wave distribution at h = 25 km some weak traces of possible orographic effects. On the other hand, the distribution of GW fluctuations at southern midlatitudes has a strong and sharp maximum over Andes, which is obviously due to orographic wave generation by the interaction of surface wind with the Andean mountain ridge. This observation of the new GPS radio occultation technique is in agreement with previous measurements of spaceborne microwave and infrared limb sounders. The amplitude of the average wave field increases with height over Andes, while the amplitude maximum moves westward, against the prevailing wind. The temperature fluctuations have an apparent, dominant vertical wavelength of around 6 km. In situ measurements by a balloon-borne rawinsonde at Ushuaia, Argentina (54.7°S, 68.1°W) are compared to a simultaneous GPS/MET temperature profile. The balloon observations of temperature and horizontal wind are interpreted by a large amplitude mountain wave propagating to the upper stratosphere. Wave characteristics and atmospheric background conditions are investigated in detail for this mountain wave observation. Finally, the GPS/MET experiment indicates enhanced sporadic E in the lower ionosphere over Southern Andes. We assume that these plasma irregularities are generated by enhanced, upward wave flux due to the possible orographic ettect of Andes. Copyright 2002 by the American Geophysical Union.

Registro:

Documento: Artículo
Título:A study of stratospheric GW fluctuations and sporadic E at midlatitudes with focus on possible orographic effect of Andes
Autor:Hocke, K.; Tsuda, T.; De La Torre, A.
Filiación:Radio Science Center for Space and Atmosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
Departamento de Fisica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Departamento de Fisica, FCEyN, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
Communications Research Laboratory, Space Sciences Division, Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, 4-2-1 Nukui-Kitamachi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8795, Japan
Radio Science Center for Space and Atmosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
Palabras clave:Andes; GPS radio occultation; Mountain wave propagation; Orographic waves; Sporadic E; Stratospheric gravity waves; Data reduction; Global positioning system; Gravity waves; Ionosphere; Meteorology; Temperature distribution; Upper atmosphere; GPS; gravity wave; ionosphere; orographic effect; stratosphere; Andes; Argentina; Atlantic Ocean; Eurasia; South America; Tierra del Fuego [(PRV) Argentina]; Ushuaia
Año:2002
Volumen:107
Número:20
Página de inicio:5
Página de fin:1-5-16
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001JD001330
Título revista:Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres
Título revista abreviado:J. Geophys. Res. D Atmos.
ISSN:01480227
PDF:https://bibliotecadigital.exactas.uba.ar/download/paper/paper_01480227_v107_n20_p5_Hocke.pdf
Registro:https://bibliotecadigital.exactas.uba.ar/collection/paper/document/paper_01480227_v107_n20_p5_Hocke

Referencias:

  • Alexander, M.J., Interpretations of observed climatological patterns in stratospheric gravity wave variance (1998) J. Geophys. Res., 103, pp. 8627-8640
  • Alexander, M.J., Vincent, R.A., Gravity waves in the tropical lower stratosphere: A model study of seasonal and interannual variability (2000) J. Geophys. Res., 105, pp. 17,983-17,993
  • Anthes, R.A., Rocken, C., Kuo, Y.-H., Applications of COSMIC to meteorology and climate (2000) Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci., 11, pp. 115-156
  • Beyerle, G., Hocke, K., Observation and simulation of direct and reflected GPS signals in radio occultation experiments (2001) Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, pp. 1895-1898
  • Chao, B.F., Pavlis, E.C., Hwang, C., Liu, C.-C., Shum, C.K., Tseng, C.-L., Yang, M., COSMIC: Geodetic applications in improving earth's gravity model (2000) Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci., 11, pp. 365-378
  • De La Torre, A., Alexander, P., The interpretation of wavelengths and periods as measured from atmospheric balloons (1995) J. Appl. Meteorol., 34, pp. 2747-2756
  • De La Torre, A., Teitelbaum, H., Vial, F., Stratospheric and tropospheric wave measurements near the Andes mountains (1996) J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 58, pp. 521-530
  • Eckermann, S.D., Preusse, P., Global measurements of stratospheric mountain waves from space (1999) Science, 286, pp. 1534-1537
  • Fetzer, E.J., Gille, J.C., Gravity wave variance in LIMS temperatures, 1, Variability and comparison with background winds (1994) J. Atmos. Sci., 51, pp. 2461-2483
  • Fjeldbo, G., Kliore, A.J., Eshleman, V.R., The neutral atmosphere of Venus as studied with the Mariner V radio occultation experiments (1971) Astron. J., 76, pp. 123-140
  • Fritts, D.C., Nastrom, G.D., Sources of mesoscale variability of gravity waves, 2, Frontal, convective, and jet stream excitation (1992) J. Almos. Sci., 49, pp. 111-127
  • Gill, A.E., (1982) Atmosphere-ocean Dynamics, , Academic, San Diego, Calif
  • Gorbunov, M.E., Three-dimensional satellite refractive tomography of the atmosphere: A numerical simulation (1996) Radio Sci., 31, pp. 95-104
  • Gossard, E.E., Hooke, W.H., (1975) Waves in the Atmosphere, p. 457. , Elsevier Sci., New York
  • Hajj, G.A., Romans, L.J., Ionospheric electron density profiles obtained with the Global Positioning System: Results from the GPS/MET experiment (1998) Radio Sci., 33, pp. 175-190
  • Healy, S.B., Eyre, J.R., Retrieving temperature, water vapour and surface pressure information from refractive-index profiles derived by radio occultation: A simulation study (2000) Q. J. R. Meteorol. S., 126, pp. 1661-1684
  • Hedin, A.E., Empirical wind model for the upper, middle amd lower atmosphere (1996) J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 58, pp. 1421-1447
  • Mines, C.O., Internal gravity waves at ionospheric heights (1960) Can. J. Phys., 38, pp. 1441-1481
  • Hinson, D.P., Tyler, G.L., Internal gravity waves in Titan's atmosphere observed by Voyager radio occultation (1983) Icarus, 54, pp. 337-352
  • Hocke, K., Tsuda, T., Gravity waves and ionospheric irregularities over tropical convection zones observed by GPS/MET radio occultation (2001) Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, pp. 2815-2818
  • Hocke, K., Igarashi, K., Nakamura, M., Wilkinson, P., Wu, J., Wickert, J., Global sounding of sporadic E layers by the GPS/MET experiment (2001) J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 63, pp. 1973-1980
  • Jiang, J.H., Wu, D.L., UARS MLS observations of gravity waves associated with the Arctic winter stratospheric vortex (2001) Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, pp. 527-530
  • Komjathy, A., Garrison, J.L., Zavorotny, V., GPS: A new tool for ocean science (1999) GPS World, 4, pp. 50-56
  • Kursinski, E.R., Hajj, G.A., Hardy, K.R., Romans, L.R., Schofield, J.T., Observing tropospheric water vapor by radio occultation using the global positioning system (1995) Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, pp. 2365-2368
  • Kursinski, E.R., Hajj, G.A., Leroy, S.S., Herman, B., The GPS radio occultation technique (2000) Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci., 11, pp. 53-114
  • Lott, F., Teitelbaum, H., Topographic waves generated by a transient wind (1993) J. Atmos. Sci., 50, pp. 2607-2624
  • Mathews, J.D., Sporadic E: Current views and recent progress (1998) J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 60, pp. 413-435
  • McLandress, C., Alexander, M.J., Wu, D.-L., Microwave limb sounder observations of gravity waves in the stratosphere: A climatology and interpretation (2000) J. Geophys. Res., 105, pp. 11,947-11,962
  • Melbourne, W.G., Davis, E.S., Duncan, C.B., Hajj, G.A., Hardy, K.R., Kursinski, E.R., Meehan, T.K., Young, L.E., The application of spaceborne GPS to atmospheric limb sounding and global change monitoring (1994) JPL Publ., 94 (18). , Jet Propul. Lab., Pasadena, Calif
  • Meriwether, J.W., Biohdi, M.A., Herrero, F.A., Fesen, C.G., Hallenback, D.C., Optical interferometric studies of the nighttime equatorial thermosphere: Enhanced temperatures and zonal wind gradients (1997) J. Geophys. Res., 102, pp. 20,041-20,058
  • Murayama, Y., Tsuda, T., Fukao, S., Seasonal variation of gravity wave activity in the lower atmosphere observed with the MU radar (1994) J. Geophys. Res., 99, pp. 23,057-23,069
  • Nastrom, G.D., Fritts, D.C., Sources of mesoscale variability of gravity waves, 1, Topographic excitation (1992) J. Atmos. Sci., 49, pp. 101-110
  • Pavelyev, A.G., Volkov, A.V., Zakharov, A.I., Krutikh, S.A., Kucherjavenkov, A.I., Bistatic radar as a tool for earth investigation using small satellites (1996) Acta Astronaut., 39, pp. 721-730
  • Preusse, P., Eckermann, S.D., Offermann, D., Comparison of global distributions of zonal-mean gravity wave variance inferred from different satellite instruments (2000) Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, pp. 3877-3880
  • Preusse, P., Eidmann, G., Eckermann, S.D., Schaeler, B., Spang, R., Offermann, D., Indications of convectively generated gravity waves in Crista temperatures (2001) Adv. Space Res., 27, pp. 1653-1658
  • Rocken, C., Analysis and validation of GPS/MET data in the neutral atmosphere (1997) J. Geophys. Res., 102, pp. 29,849-29,866
  • Sato, K., Small-scale wind disturbances observed by the MU radar during the passage of Typhoon Kelly (1993) J. Atmos. Sci., 50, pp. 518-537
  • Satomura, T., Sato, K., Secondary generation of gravity waves associated with the breaking of mountain waves (1999) J. Atmos. Sci., 56, pp. 3847-3858
  • Schoeberl, M.R., The penetration of mountain waves into the middle atmosphere (1985) J. Atmos. Sci., 42, pp. 2856-2864
  • Schreiner, W.S., Sokolovskiy, S.V., Rocken, C., Hunt, D.C., Analysis and validation of GPS/MET radio occultation data in the ionosphere (1999) Radio Sci., 34, pp. 949-966
  • Tan, K.-A., Eckermann, S.D., Numerical simulation of mountain waves in the middle atmosphere over South Andes (2000) Atmospheric Science across the Stratopause, AGU Monogr. Ser., 123, pp. 311-318. , edited by D. E. Siskind, S. D. Eckermann, and M. E. Summers, AGU, Washington D. C
  • Tsuda, T., Nishida, M., Rocken, C., Ware, R.H., A global morphology of gravity wave activity in the stratosphere revealed by the GPS occultation data (GPS/MET) (2000) J. Geophys. Res., 105, pp. 7257-7273
  • Vial, F., STRATEOLE: A project to study Antarctic polar vortex dynamics and its impact on ozone chemistry (1995) Phys. Chem. Earth, 20, pp. 83-96
  • Vincent, R.A., Alexander, M.J., Gravity waves in the tropical lower stratosphere: An observational study of seasonal and interannual variability (2000) J. Geophys. Res., 105, pp. 17,971-17,982
  • Wickert, J., Reigber, C., Beyerle, G., König, R., Marquardt, C., Meehan, T.K., Melbourne, W.G., Hocke, K., Atmosphere sounding by GPS radio occultation: First results from CHAMP (2001) Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, pp. 3263-3266
  • Whitehead, J.D., Formation of the sporadic E layer in the temperate zones (1960) Nature, 188, p. 567
  • Yunck, T.P., Liu, C.-H., Ware, R., A history of GPS sounding (2000) Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci., 11, pp. 1-20
  • Zavarotny, V., Voronovich, A.G., Scattering of GPS signals from the ocean with wind remote sensing application (2000) IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 38, pp. 951-964

Citas:

---------- APA ----------
Hocke, K., Tsuda, T. & De La Torre, A. (2002) . A study of stratospheric GW fluctuations and sporadic E at midlatitudes with focus on possible orographic effect of Andes. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, 107(20), 5-1-5-16.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001JD001330
---------- CHICAGO ----------
Hocke, K., Tsuda, T., De La Torre, A. "A study of stratospheric GW fluctuations and sporadic E at midlatitudes with focus on possible orographic effect of Andes" . Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres 107, no. 20 (2002) : 5-1-5-16.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001JD001330
---------- MLA ----------
Hocke, K., Tsuda, T., De La Torre, A. "A study of stratospheric GW fluctuations and sporadic E at midlatitudes with focus on possible orographic effect of Andes" . Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, vol. 107, no. 20, 2002, pp. 5-1-5-16.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001JD001330
---------- VANCOUVER ----------
Hocke, K., Tsuda, T., De La Torre, A. A study of stratospheric GW fluctuations and sporadic E at midlatitudes with focus on possible orographic effect of Andes. J. Geophys. Res. D Atmos. 2002;107(20):5-1-5-16.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001JD001330