Artículo

El editor no permite incluir ninguna versión del artículo en el Repositorio.
Consulte el artículo en la página del editor
Consulte la política de Acceso Abierto del editor

Abstract:

The study of gels and their properties is a compelling topic both technologically and scientifically, and should therefore be emphasized in chemistry and material science syllabuses. In the present laboratory experiment, we propose two experiences, aimed at introducing gelation and gel transport properties using silica gels made from sodium silicate and sodium citrate buffer. In particular, gelation times are used to teach kinetics and optical properties to first and second year General Chemistry students. Gelation times are determined by measuring the increment in scattering intensity with a 3D-printed spectrophotometer. The gel transport properties are presented to further exemplify Fickian and non-Fickian behavior through ionic dyes diffusing in gels. A qualitative description is obtained from charge interactions, and a quantitative description utilizing the diffusion coefficient is achieved by analyzing absorbance profiles. These tasks were designed to encourage students to work with unusual topics in a holistic way, approaching new materials, properties, and DIY equipment. Blueprints for the spectrophotometer, resources for instructors, and a detailed students' guide are provided together with a short report model to promote critical discussion of the observations. © 2018 American Chemical Society and Division of Chemical Education, Inc.

Registro:

Documento: Artículo
Título:Exploring the Gel State: Optical Determination of Gelation Times and Transport Properties of Gels with an Inexpensive 3D-Printed Spectrophotometer
Autor:Calcabrini, M.; Onna, D.
Filiación:Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, 1428, Argentina
Instituto de Nanosistemas, Universidad de San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, 1650, Argentina
Palabras clave:First-Year Undergraduate/General; Hands-On Learning/Manipulatives; Materials Science; Physical Chemistry; Second-Year Undergraduate; Transport Properties
Año:2019
Volumen:96
Número:1
Página de inicio:116
Página de fin:123
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.8b00529
Título revista:Journal of Chemical Education
Título revista abreviado:J Chem Educ
ISSN:00219584
CODEN:JCEDA
Registro:https://bibliotecadigital.exactas.uba.ar/collection/paper/document/paper_00219584_v96_n1_p116_Calcabrini

Referencias:

  • Brinker, C.J., Scherer, G.W., (1990) Sol-Gel Science: The Physics and Chemistry of Sol-Gel, , Harcourt Brace Jovanovich: Boston
  • Ciriminna, R., Fidalgo, A., Pandarus, V., Béland, F., Ilharco, L.M., Pagliaro, M., The Sol-Gel Route to Advanced Silica-Based Materials and Recent Applications (2013) Chem. Rev., 113 (8), pp. 6592-6620
  • Buckley, A.M., Greenblatt, M., The Sol Gel preparation of Silica Gels (1994) J. Chem. Educ., 71, pp. 599-602
  • Celzard, A., Marêché, J.F., Applications of the Sol-Gel Process Using Well-Tested Recipes (2002) J. Chem. Educ., 79, pp. 854-858
  • De Los Santos, D.M., Montes, A., Sanchez-Coronilla, A., Navas, J., Sol-Gel Application for Consolidating Stone: An Example of Project-Based Learning in a Physical Chemistry Lab (2014) J. Chem. Educ., 91, pp. 1481-1485
  • Björk, E.M., Synthesizing and Characterizing Mesoporous Silica SBA-15: A Hands-On Laboratory Experiment for Undergraduates Using Various Instrumental Techniques (2017) J. Chem. Educ., 94 (1), pp. 91-94
  • Hurst, G.A., Bella, M., Salzmann, C.G., The Rheological Properties of Poly(vinyl alcohol) Gels from Rotational Viscometry (2015) J. Chem. Educ., 92 (5), pp. 940-945
  • Porter, L.A., Washer, B.M., Hakim, M.H., Dallinger, R.F., User-Friendly 3D Printed Colorimeter Models for Student Exploration of Instrument Design and Performance (2016) J. Chem. Educ., 93, pp. 1305-1309
  • Yu, H., Tan, Y., Cunningham, B., Smartphone fluorescence spectroscopy (2014) Anal. Chem., 86, pp. 8805-8813
  • Grasse, E.K., Torcasio, M.H., Smith, A.W., Teaching UV-Vis Spectroscopy with a 3D-Printable Smartphone Spectrophotometer (2016) J. Chem. Educ., 93, pp. 146-151
  • Davis, E.J., Jones, M., Thiel, D.A., Pauls, S., Using Open-Source, 3D Printable Optical Hardware to Enhance Student Learning in the Instrumental Analysis Laboratory (2018) J. Chem. Educ., 95 (4), pp. 672-677
  • Iler, R.K., (1979) Chemistry of Silica, , Wiley Interscience: New York
  • Halasz, I., Kierys, A., Goworek, J., Liu, H., Patterson, R.E., 29Si NMR and Raman Glimpses into the Molecular Structures of Acid and Base Set Silica Gels Obtained from TEOS and Na-Silicate (2011) J. Phys. Chem. C, 115 (50), pp. 24788-24799
  • Björk, E.M., Mäkie, P., Rogström, L., Atakan, A., Schell, N., Odén, M., Formation of block-copolymer-templated mesoporous silica (2018) J. Colloid Interface Sci., 521, pp. 183-189
  • Hayaty, M., Beheshty, M.H., Esfandeh, M., A New Approach for Determination of Gel Time of a Glass/Epoxy Prepreg (2011) J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 120 (3), pp. 1483-1489
  • Nunez-Regueira, L., García-Fernandez, C.A., Gómez-Barreiro, S., Use of rheology, dielectric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry for gel time determination of a thermoset (2005) Polymer, 46, pp. 5979-5985
  • Bohren, C.F., Huffman, D.R., (1998) Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles, , Wiley-VCH: New York
  • Seinfeld, J.H., Pandis, S.N., (1997) Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: From Air Pollution to Climate Change, , Wiley-VCH: New York
  • Crank, J., (1975) The Mathematics of Diffusion, , 2 nd ed. Clarendon Press Oxford: Oxford
  • Castleden, J.A., Fleming, R., Some studies of the diffusion of sodium ions through protein solutions and phospholipid sols (1966) J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 18, pp. 58-71
  • Padfield, J.M., Kellaway, I.W., The diffusion of penicillin G and ampicillin through phospholipid sols (1975) J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 27, pp. 348-352
  • Amsden, B., Solute Diffusion within Hydrogels. Mechanisms and Models (1998) Macromolecules, 31 (23), pp. 8382-8395
  • Gee, T., Kehoe, E., Pomerantz, W.C.K., Penn, R.L., Quantifying Protein Concentrations Using Smartphone Colorimetry: A New Method for an Established Test (2017) J. Chem. Educ., 94, pp. 941-945
  • Asheim, J., Kvittingen, E.V., Kvittingen, L., Verley, R., A Simple, Small-Scale Lego Colorimeter with a Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Used as Detector (2014) J. Chem. Educ., 91, pp. 1037-1039
  • Kvittingen, E.V., Kvittingen, L., Sjursnes, B.J., Verley, R., Simple and Inexpensive UV-Photometer Using LEDs as Both Light Source and Detector (2016) J. Chem. Educ., 93, pp. 1814-1817
  • Kvittingen, E.V., Kvittingen, L., Melø, T.B., Sjursnes, B.J., Verley, R., Demonstrating Basic Properties of Spectroscopy Using a Self-Constructed Combined Fluorimeter and UV-Photometer (2017) J. Chem. Educ., 94 (10), pp. 1486-1491
  • (2018) ImageJ Download Page, , https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/download.html, (accessed Oct)
  • Perullini, M., Jobbágy, M., Japas, M.L., Bilmes, S.A., New method for the simultaneous determination of diffusion and adsorption of dyes in silica hydrogels (2014) J. Colloid Interface Sci., 425, pp. 91-95
  • Rice, N.P., De Beer, M.P., Williamson, M.E., A Simple Educational Method for the Measurement of Liquid Binary Diffusivities (2014) J. Chem. Educ., 91, pp. 1185-1190
  • Quarch, K., Kind, M., Inorganic Precipitated Silica Gel.Part 1: Gelation Kinetics and Gel Properties (2010) Chem. Eng. Technol., 33, pp. 1034-1039
  • Gieselmann, M.J., Anderson, M.A., Effect of Ionic Strength on Boehmite Hydrogel Formation (1989) J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 72 (6), pp. 980-985
  • Kosmulski, M., (2001) Chemical Properties of Material Surfaces, , Marcel Dekker: New York
  • Hori, T., Mizuno, M., Shimizu, T., Dye diffusion in water-swollen cellulose membranes and in bulk water (1980) Colloid Polym. Sci., 258 (9), pp. 1070-1076
  • Vanderveen, J.R., Martin, B., Ooms, K.J., Developing Tools for Undergraduate Spectroscopy: An Inexpensive Visible Light Spectrometer (2013) J. Chem. Educ., 90, pp. 894-899

Citas:

---------- APA ----------
Calcabrini, M. & Onna, D. (2019) . Exploring the Gel State: Optical Determination of Gelation Times and Transport Properties of Gels with an Inexpensive 3D-Printed Spectrophotometer. Journal of Chemical Education, 96(1), 116-123.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.8b00529
---------- CHICAGO ----------
Calcabrini, M., Onna, D. "Exploring the Gel State: Optical Determination of Gelation Times and Transport Properties of Gels with an Inexpensive 3D-Printed Spectrophotometer" . Journal of Chemical Education 96, no. 1 (2019) : 116-123.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.8b00529
---------- MLA ----------
Calcabrini, M., Onna, D. "Exploring the Gel State: Optical Determination of Gelation Times and Transport Properties of Gels with an Inexpensive 3D-Printed Spectrophotometer" . Journal of Chemical Education, vol. 96, no. 1, 2019, pp. 116-123.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.8b00529
---------- VANCOUVER ----------
Calcabrini, M., Onna, D. Exploring the Gel State: Optical Determination of Gelation Times and Transport Properties of Gels with an Inexpensive 3D-Printed Spectrophotometer. J Chem Educ. 2019;96(1):116-123.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.8b00529