Artículo

Di Lella, S.; Sundblad, V.; Cerliani, J.P.; Guardia, C.M.; Estrin, D.A.; Vasta, G.R.; Rabinovich, G.A. "When galectins recognize glycans: From biochemistry to physiology and back again" (2011) Biochemistry. 50(37):7842-7857
La versión final de este artículo es de uso interno. El editor solo permite incluir en el repositorio el artículo en su versión post-print. Por favor, si usted la posee enviela a
Consulte el artículo en la página del editor
Consulte la política de Acceso Abierto del editor

Abstract:

In the past decade, increasing efforts have been devoted to the study of galectins, a family of evolutionarily conserved glycan-binding proteins with multifunctional properties. Galectins function, either intracellularly or extracellularly, as key biological mediators capable of monitoring changes occurring on the cell surface during fundamental biological processes such as cellular communication, inflammation, development, and differentiation. Their highly conserved structures, exquisite carbohydrate specificity, and ability to modulate a broad spectrum of biological processes have captivated a wide range of scientists from a wide spectrum of disciplines, including biochemistry, biophysics, cell biology, and physiology. However, in spite of enormous efforts to dissect the functions and properties of these glycan-binding proteins, limited information about how structural and biochemical aspects of these proteins can influence biological functions is available. In this review, we aim to integrate structural, biochemical, and functional aspects of this bewildering and ancient family of glycan-binding proteins and discuss their implications in physiologic and pathologic settings. © 2011 American Chemical Society.

Registro:

Documento: Artículo
Título:When galectins recognize glycans: From biochemistry to physiology and back again
Autor:Di Lella, S.; Sundblad, V.; Cerliani, J.P.; Guardia, C.M.; Estrin, D.A.; Vasta, G.R.; Rabinovich, G.A.
Filiación:Laboratorio de Inmunopatologia, Instituto de Biologia y Medicina Experimental, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
Instituto de Química-Física de Los Materiales, CONICET-Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Program in the Biology of Model Systems, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
Palabras clave:Biological functions; Biological process; Broad spectrum; Carbohydrate specificity; Cell biology; Cell surfaces; Cellular communication; Functional aspects; Galectins; Glycans; Limited information; Monitoring change; Multifunctional properties; Wide spectrum; Biochemistry; Carbohydrates; Cell membranes; Cytology; Pathology; Proteins; Physiology; arachidonic acid; arginase; beta galactosidase; binding protein; carbohydrate; ecalectin; Fc receptor; galectin; galectin 1; galectin 10; galectin 2; galectin 3; galectin 4; galectin 8; gamma interferon; glycan; interleukin 10; interleukin 27; major histocompatibility antigen class 2; mitogen activated protein kinase; nitric oxide; protein kinase C; unclassified drug; adaptive immunity; antiinflammatory activity; apoptosis; article; B lymphocyte; biochemistry; carboxy terminal sequence; cell activation; cell maturation; cell viability; cytokine production; dendritic cell; dimerization; DNA fragmentation; enzyme activity; enzyme analysis; enzyme structure; homeostasis; immunology; innate immunity; ligand binding; molecular biology; molecular dynamics; mutant; nonhuman; nuclear magnetic resonance; oligomerization; phagocytosis; physiology; priority journal; protein expression; protein function; protein protein interaction; regulatory mechanism; signal transduction; T lymphocyte; tandem repeat; Th1 cell; Th17 cell; Animals; Biochemical Phenomena; Crystallography, X-Ray; Galectins; Humans; Polysaccharides; Protein Binding
Año:2011
Volumen:50
Número:37
Página de inicio:7842
Página de fin:7857
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi201121m
Título revista:Biochemistry
Título revista abreviado:Biochemistry
ISSN:00062960
CODEN:BICHA
CAS:arachidonic acid, 506-32-1, 6610-25-9, 7771-44-0; arginase, 9000-96-8; galectin 1, 258495-34-0; galectin 3, 208128-56-7; galectin 8, 220452-97-1; gamma interferon, 82115-62-6; mitogen activated protein kinase, 142243-02-5; nitric oxide, 10102-43-9; protein kinase C, 141436-78-4; Galectins; Polysaccharides
Registro:https://bibliotecadigital.exactas.uba.ar/collection/paper/document/paper_00062960_v50_n37_p7842_DiLella

Referencias:

  • Van Kooyk, Y., Rabinovich, G.A., Protein-glycan interactions in the control of innate and adaptive immune responses (2008) Nature Immunology, 9 (6), pp. 593-601. , DOI 10.1038/ni.f.203, PII NI.F.203
  • Sharon, N., Lectins: Past, present and future (2008) Biochem. Soc. Trans., 36 (PART 6), pp. 1457-1460
  • Sharon, N., Lis, H., History of lectins: From hemagglutinins to biological recognition molecules (2004) Glycobiology, 14 (11), pp. 53R-62R. , DOI 10.1093/glycob/cwh122
  • Sharon, N., Lis, H., Lectins: Cell-agglutinating and sugar-specific proteins (1972) Science, 177 (53), pp. 949-959
  • Rabinovich, G.A., Toscano, M.A., Jackson, S.S., Vasta, G.R., Functions of cell surface galectin-glycoprotein lattices (2007) Current Opinion in Structural Biology, 17 (5), pp. 513-520. , DOI 10.1016/j.sbi.2007.09.002, PII S0959440X07001303, Carbohydrates and glycoconjugates / Biophysical methods
  • Dam, T.K., Brewer, F.C., Maintenance of cell surface glycan density by lectin-glycan interactions: A homeostatic and innate immune regulatory mechanism (2010) Glycobiology, 20 (9), pp. 1061-1064
  • Rabinovich, G.A., Toscano, M., Turning "sweet" on immunity: Galectin-glycan interactions in immune tolerance and inflammation (2009) Nat. Rev. Immunol., 9 (5), pp. 338-352
  • Liu, F.T., Rabinovich, G.A., Galectins: Regulators of acute and chronic inflammation (2010) Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 1183, pp. 158-182
  • Sacchettini, J.C., Baum, L.G., Brewer, C.F., Multivalent protein - Carbohydrate interactions. A new paradigm for supermolecular assembly and signal transduction (2001) Biochemistry, 40 (10), pp. 3009-3015. , DOI 10.1021/bi002544j
  • Barondes, S.H., Castronovo, V., Cooper, D.N.W., Cummings, R.D., Drickamer, K., Feizi, T., Gitt, M.A., Rigby, P.W.J., Galectins: A family of animal β-galactoside-binding lectins (1994) Cell, 76 (4), pp. 597-598. , DOI 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90498-7
  • Iglesias, M.M., Elola, M.T., Martinez, V., Fink, N., Wolfenstein-Todel, C., Identification of an equilibrium intermediate in the unfolding process of galectin-1, which retains its carbohydrate-binding specificity (2003) Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Proteins and Proteomics, 1648 (1-2), pp. 164-173. , DOI 10.1016/S1570-9639(03)00119-5
  • Liao, D.I., Kapadia, G., Ahmed, H., Vasta, G.R., Herzberg, O., Structure of S-lectin, a developmentally regulated vertebrate β-galactoside-binding protein (1994) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 91 (4), pp. 1428-1432
  • Hirabayashi, J., Kasai, K.-I., The family of metazoan metal-independent β-galactoside-binding lectins: Structure, function and molecular evolution (1993) Glycobiology, 3 (4), pp. 297-304
  • Houzelstein, D., Goncalves, I.R., Fadden, A.J., Sidhu, S.S., Cooper, D.N.W., Drickamer, K., Leffler, H., Poirier, F., Phylogenetic analysis of the vertebrate galectin family (2004) Molecular Biology and Evolution, 21 (7), pp. 1177-1187. , DOI 10.1093/molbev/msh082
  • Zhou, D., Ge, H., Sun, J., Gao, Y., Teng, M., Niu, L., Crystal structure of the C-terminal conserved domain of human GRP, a galectin-related protein, reveals a function mode different from those of galectins (2008) Proteins: Structure, Function and Genetics, 71 (3), pp. 1582-1588. , DOI 10.1002/prot.22003
  • Ogden, A.T., Nunes, I., Ko, K., Wu, S., Hines, C.S., Wang, A.-F., Hegde, R.S., Lang, R.A., GRIFIN, a novel lens-specific protein related to the galectin family (1998) Journal of Biological Chemistry, 273 (44), pp. 28889-28896. , DOI 10.1074/jbc.273.44.28889
  • Swaminathan, G.J., Leonidas, D.D., Savage, M.P., Ackerman, S.J., Acharya, K.R., Selective recognition of mannose by the human eosinophil Charcot-Leyden crystal protein (galectin-10): A crystallographic study at 1.8 A resolution (1999) Biochemistry, 38 (42), pp. 13837-13843. , DOI 10.1021/bi990756e
  • Dam, T.K., Gerken, T.A., Brewer, C.F., Thermodynamics of multivalent carbohydrate-lectin cross-linking interactions: Importance of entropy in the bind and jump mechanism (2009) Biochemistry, 48 (18), pp. 3822-3827
  • Guardia, C.M.A., Gauto, D.F., Di Lella, S., Rabinovich, G.A., Marti, M.A., Estrin, D.A., An integrated computational analysis of the structure, dynamics and ligand binding interactions of the human galectin network (2011) J. Chem. Inf. Model., 51, pp. 1918-1930
  • Camby, I., Le Mercier, M., Lefranc, F., Kiss, R., Galectin-1: A small protein with major functions (2006) Glycobiology, 16 (11), pp. 137R-157R. , DOI 10.1093/glycob/cwl025
  • Dumic, J., Dabelic, S., Flogel, M., Galectin-3: An open-ended story (2006) Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - General Subjects, 1760 (4), pp. 616-635. , DOI 10.1016/j.bbagen.2005.12.020, PII S0304416505004083
  • Bernerd, F., Sarasin, A., Magnaldo, T., Galectin-7 overexpression is associated the apoptotic process in UVB- induced sunburn keratinocytes (1999) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 96 (20), pp. 11329-11334. , DOI 10.1073/pnas.96.20.11329
  • Gendronneau, G., Sidhu, S.S., Delacour, D., Dang, T., Calonne, C., Houzelstein, D., Magnaldo, T., Poirier, F., Galectin-7 in the control of epidermal homeostasis after injury (2008) Mol. Biol. Cell, 19 (12), pp. 5541-5549
  • Sato, M., Nishi, N., Shoji, H., Kumagai, M., Imaizumi, T., Hata, Y., Hirashima, M., Nakamura, T., Quantification of galectin-7 and its localization in adult mouse tissues (2002) Journal of Biochemistry, 131 (2), pp. 255-260
  • Hotta, K., Funahashi, T., Matsukawa, Y., Takahashi, M., Nishizawa, H., Kishida, K., Matsuda, M., Matsuzawa, Y., Galectin-12, an adipose-expressed galectin-like molecule possessing apoptosis-inducing activity (2001) J. Biol. Chem., 276 (36), pp. 34089-34097
  • Yang, R.-Y., Hsu, D.K., Yu, L., Chen, H.-Y., Liu, F.-T., Galectin-12 is required for adipogenic signaling and adipocyte differentation (2004) Journal of Biological Chemistry, 279 (28), pp. 29761-29766. , DOI 10.1074/jbc.M401303200
  • Barres, C., Blanc, L., Bette-Bobillo, P., Andre, S., Mamoun, R., Gabius, H.J., Vidal, M., Galectin-5 is bound onto the surface of rat reticulocyte exosomes and modulates vesicle uptake by macrophages (2010) Blood, 115 (3), pp. 696-705
  • Gitt, M.A., Wiser, M.F., Leffler, H., Herrmann, J., Xia, Y.R., Massa, S.M., Cooper, D.N., Barondes, S.H., Sequence and mapping of galectin-5, a β-galactoside-binding lectin, found in rat erythrocytes (1995) J. Biol. Chem., 270 (10), pp. 5032-5038
  • Hernandez, J.D., Baum, L.G., Ah, sweet mystery of death! Galectins and control of cell fate (2002) Glycobiology, 12 (10), pp. 127R-136R
  • Vasta, G.R., Ahmed, H., (2009) Animal Lectins, , CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL
  • Cho, M., Cummings, R.D., Galectin-1, a β-galactoside-binding lectin in Chinese hamster ovary cells. I. Physical and chemical characterization (1995) J. Biol. Chem., 270 (10), pp. 5198-5206
  • Lopez-Lucendo, M.F., Solis, D., Andre, S., Hirabayashi, J., Kasai, K.-I., Kaltner, H., Gabius, H.-J., Romero, A., Growth-regulatory human galectin-1: Crystallographic characterisation of the structural changes induced by single-site mutations and their impact on the thermodynamics of ligand binding (2004) Journal of Molecular Biology, 343 (4), pp. 957-970. , DOI 10.1016/j.jmb.2004.08.078, PII S0022283604010782
  • Seetharaman, J., Kfanigsberg, A., Slaaby, R., Leffler, H., Barondes, S.H., Rini, J.M., X-ray crystal structure of the human galectin-3 carbohydrate recognition domain at 2.1-A resolution (1998) Journal of Biological Chemistry, 273 (21), pp. 13047-13052. , DOI 10.1074/jbc.273.21.13047
  • Nagae, M., Nishi, N., Murata, T., Usui, T., Nakamura, T., Wakatsuki, S., Kato, R., Structural analysis of the recognition mechanism of poly-N- acetyllactosamine by the human galectin-9 N-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain (2009) Glycobiology, 19 (2), pp. 112-117
  • Cho, M., Cummings, R.D., Characterization of monomeric forms of galectin-1 generated by site- directed mutagenesis (1996) Biochemistry, 35 (40), pp. 13081-13088. , DOI 10.1021/bi961181d
  • Ford, M.G., Weimar, T., Kohli, T., Woods, R.J., Molecular dynamics simulations of galectin-1-oligosaccharide complexes reveal the molecular basis for ligand diversity (2003) Proteins: Structure, Function and Genetics, 53 (2), pp. 229-240. , DOI 10.1002/prot.10428
  • Di Lella, S., Ma, L., Rabinovich, G.A., Díaz Ricci, J.C., Asher, S., Alvarez, R.M.S., Critical role of water molecules in galectin-1 binding to the disaccharide lactose (2009) Biochemistry, 48 (4), pp. 786-791
  • Lella, S.D., Marti, M.A., Alvarez, R.M.S., Estrin, D.A., Diaz Ricci, J.C., Characterization of the galectin-1 carbohydrate recognition domain in terms of solvent occupancy (2007) Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 111 (25), pp. 7360-7366. , DOI 10.1021/jp068989k
  • Ahmad, N., Gabius, H.-J., Kaltner, H., Andre, S., Kuwabara, I., Liu, F.-T., Oscarson, S., Brewer, C.F., Thermodynamic binding studies of cell surface carbohydrate epitopes to galectins-1, -3, and -7: Evidence for differential binding specificities (2002) Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 80 (8), pp. 1096-1104. , DOI 10.1139/v02-162
  • Echeverria, I., Amzel, L.M., Disaccharide binding to galectin-1: Free energy calculations and molecular recognition mechanism (2011) Biophys. J., 100 (9), pp. 2283-2292
  • Miller, M.C., Nesmelova, I.V., Platt, D., Klyosov, A., Mayo, K.H., The carbohydrate-binding domain on galectin-1 is more extensive for a complex glycan than for simple saccharides: Implications for galectin-glycan interactions at the cell surface (2009) Biochem. J., 421 (2), pp. 211-221
  • Meynier, C., Feracci, M., Espeli, M., Chaspoul, F., Gallice, P., Schiff, C., Guerlesquin, F., Roche, P., NMR and MD investigations of human galectin-1/oligosaccharide complexes (2009) Biophys. J., 97 (12), pp. 3168-3177
  • Meynier, R., Guerlesquin, F., Roche, P., Computational studies of human galectin-1: Role of conserved tryptophan residue in stacking interaction with carbohydrate ligands (2009) J. Biomol. Struct. Dyn., 27 (1), pp. 49-57
  • Hirabayashi, J., Kasai, K.-I., Effect of amino acid substitution by site-directed mutagenesis on the carbohydrate recognition and stability of human 14-kDa β-galactoside- binding lectin (1991) Journal of Biological Chemistry, 266 (35), pp. 23648-23653
  • Di Lella, S., Marti, M.A., Croci, D.O., Guardia, C.M.A., Díaz Ricci, J.C., Rabinovich, G.A., Caramelo, J.J., Estrin, D.A., Linking the structure and thermal stability of β-galactoside-binding protein galectin-1 to ligand binding and dimerization equilibria (2010) Biochemistry, 49 (35), pp. 7652-7658
  • Stowell, S.R., Cho, M., Feasley, C.L., Arthur, C.M., Song, X., Colucci, J.K., Karmakar, S., Cummings, R.D., Ligand reduces galectin-1 sensitivity to oxidative inactivation by enhancing dimer formation (2009) J. Biol. Chem., 284 (8), pp. 4989-4999
  • Nishi, N., Abe, A., Iwaki, J., Yoshida, H., Itoh, A., Shoji, H., Kamitori, S., Nakamura, T., Functional and structural bases of a cysteine-less mutant as a long-lasting substitute for galectin-1 (2008) Glycobiology, 18 (12), pp. 1065-1073. , DOI 10.1093/glycob/cwn089
  • Ilarregui, J.M., Rabinovich, G.A., Tolerogenic dendritic cells in the control of autoimmune neuroinflammation: An emerging role of protein-glycan interactions (2010) Neuroimmunomodulation, 17 (3), pp. 157-160
  • Lobsanov, Y.D., Gitt, M.A., Leffler, H., Barondes, S.H., Rini, J.M., X-ray crystal structure of the human dimeric S-Lac lectin, L-14-II, in complex with lactose at 2.9-A resolution (1993) Journal of Biological Chemistry, 268 (36), pp. 27034-27038
  • Leonidas, D.D., Vatzaki, E.H., Vorum, H., Celis, J.E., Madsen, P., Acharya, K.R., Structural basis for the recognition of carbohydrates by human galectin- 7 (1998) Biochemistry, 37 (40), pp. 13930-13940. , DOI 10.1021/bi981056x
  • Nieminen, J., Kuno, A., Hirabayashi, J., Sato, S., Visualization of galectin-3 oligomerization on the surface of neutrophils and endothelial cells using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (2007) Journal of Biological Chemistry, 282 (2), pp. 1374-1383. , http://www.jbc.org/cgi/reprint/282/2/1374, DOI 10.1074/jbc.M604506200
  • Krejcirikova, V., Pachl, P., Fabry, M., Maly, P., Rezacova, P., Brynda, J., Structure of the mouse galectin-4 N-terminal carbohydrate-recognition domain reveals the mechanism of oligosaccharide recognition (2011) Acta Crystallogr., 67 (3), pp. 204-211
  • Tomizawa, T., Kigawa, T., Saito, K., Koshiba, S., Inoue, M., Yokoyama, S., Solution structure of the C-terminal gal-bind lectin domain from human galectin-4 (2005) Structural Genomics and Proteomics Initiative (RSGI), , Riken
  • Ideo, H., Matsuzaka, T., Nonaka, T., Seko, A., Yamashita, K., Galectin-8-N-domain recognition mechanism for sialylated and sulfated glycans (2011) J. Biol. Chem., 286 (13), pp. 11346-11355
  • Tomizawa, T., Koshiba, S., Inoue, M., Kigawa, T., Yokoyama, S., Solution structure of the C-terminal gal-bind lectin protein from human galectin-8 (2007) Structural Genomics and Proteomics Initiative (RSGI), , Riken
  • Ideo, H., Seko, A., Ishizuka, I., Yamashita, K., The N-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-8 recognizes specific glycosphingolipids with high affinity (2003) Glycobiology, 13 (10), pp. 713-723. , DOI 10.1093/glycob/cwg094
  • Ahmad, N., Gabius, H.-J., Andre, S., Kaltner, H., Sabesan, S., Roy, R., Liu, B., Brewer, C.F., Galectin-3 Precipitates as a Pentamer with Synthetic Multivalent Carbohydrates and Forms Heterogeneous Cross-linked Complexes (2004) Journal of Biological Chemistry, 279 (12), pp. 10841-10847. , DOI 10.1074/jbc.M312834200
  • Garner, O.B., Baum, L.G., Galectin-glycan lattices regulate cell-surface glycoprotein organization and signalling (2008) Biochem. Soc. Trans., 36 (6), pp. 1472-1477
  • Brewer, C.F., Miceli, M.C., Baum, L.G., Clusters, bundles, arrays and lattices: Novel mechanisms for lectin-saccharide-mediated cellular interactions (2002) Current Opinion in Structural Biology, 12 (5), pp. 616-623. , DOI 10.1016/S0959-440X(02)00364-0
  • Surolia, A., Swaminathan, C.P., Ramkumar, R., Podder, S.K., Unusual structural stability and ligand induced alterations in oligomerization of a galectin (1997) FEBS Letters, 409 (3), pp. 417-420. , DOI 10.1016/S0014-5793(97)00432-8, PII S0014579397004328
  • Than, N.G., Romero, R., Erez, O., Weckle, A., Tarca, A.L., Hotra, J., Abbas, A., Wildman, D.E., Emergence of hormonal and redox regulation of galectin-1 in placental mammals: Implication in maternal-fetal immune tolerance (2008) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 105 (41), pp. 15819-15824
  • Battig, P., Saudan, P., Gunde, T., Bachmann, M.F., Enhanced apoptotic activity of a structurally optimized form of galectin-1 (2004) Molecular Immunology, 41 (1), pp. 9-18. , DOI 10.1016/j.molimm.2004.02.004, PII S0161589004000495
  • Nesmelova, I.V., Ermakova, E., Daragan, V.A., Pang, M., Menendez, M., Lagartera, L., Solis, D., Mayo, K.H., Lactose binding to galectin-1 modulates structural dynamics, increases conformational entropy, and occurs with apparent negative cooperativity (2010) J. Mol. Biol., 397 (5), pp. 1209-1230
  • Schwarz, F.P., Ahmed, H., Bianchet, M.A., Amzel, L.M., Vasta, G.R., Thermodynamics of bovine spleen galectin-1 binding to disaccharides: Correlation with structure and its effect on oligomerization at the denaturation temperature (1998) Biochemistry, 37 (17), pp. 5867-5877. , DOI 10.1021/bi9716478
  • Cerliani, J.P., Stowell, S.R., Mascanfroni, I.D., Arthur, C.M., Cummings, R.D., Rabinovich, G.A., Expanding the universe of cytokines and pattern recognition receptors: Galectins and glycans in innate immunity (2011) J. Clin. Immunol., 31 (1), pp. 10-21
  • Laderach, D.J., Compagno, D., Toscano, M.A., Croci, D.O., Dergan-Dylon, S., Salatino, M., Rabinovich, G.A., Dissecting the signal transduction pathways triggered by galectin-glycan interactions in physiological and pathological settings (2010) IUBMB Life, 62 (1), pp. 1-13
  • Iurisci, I., Cumashi, A., Sherman, A.A., Tsvetkov, Y.E., Tinari, N., Piccolo, E., D'Egidio, M., Nifantiev, N., Synthetic inhibitors of galectin-1 and -3 selectively modulate homotypic cell aggregation and tumor cell apoptosis (2009) Anticancer Res., 29 (1), pp. 403-410
  • Ingrassia, L., Camby, I., Lefranc, F., Mathieu, V., Nshimyumukiza, P., Darro, F., Kiss, R., Anti-galectin compounds as potential anti-cancer drugs (2006) Current Medicinal Chemistry, 13 (29), pp. 3513-3527. , http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ben/cmc/2006/00000013/00000029/ art00003, DOI 10.2174/092986706779026219
  • Barchi, J.J.J., Emerging roles of carbohydrates and glycomimetics in anticancer drug design (2000) Curr. Pharm. Des., 6 (4), pp. 485-501
  • Sirois, S., Giguere, D., Roy, R., A first QSAR model for galectin-3 glycomimetic inhibitors based on 3D docked structures (2006) Medicinal Chemistry, 2 (5), pp. 481-489. , http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ben/mc/2006/00000002/00000005/ art00006, DOI 10.2174/157340606778250252
  • Rabinovich, G.A., Ilarregui, J.M., Conveying glycan information into T-cell homeostatic programs: A challenging role for galectin-1 in inflammatory and tumor microenvironments (2009) Immunol. Rev., 230 (1), pp. 144-159
  • Bi, S., Hong, P.W., Lee, B., Baum, L.G., Galectin-9 binding to cell surface protein disulfide isomerase regulates the redox environment to enhance T-cell migration and HIV entry (2011) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 108 (26), pp. 10650-10655
  • Vasta, G.R., Roles of galectins in infection (2009) Nat. Rev. Microbiol., 7 (6), pp. 424-438
  • Garner, O.B., Aguilar, H.C., Fulcher, J.A., Levroney, E.L., Harrison, R., Wright, L., Robinson, L.R., Baum, L.G., Endothelial galectin-1 binds to specific glycans on nipah virus fusion protein and inhibits maturation, mobility, and function to block syncytia formation (2011) PLoS Pathog., 6 (7), p. 1000993
  • Davicino, R.C., Elicabe, R.J., Di Genaro, M.S., Rabinovich, G.A., Coupling pathogen recognition to innate immunity through glycan-dependent mechanisms (2011) Int. Immunopharmacol., , doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.05.002
  • La, M., Cao, T.V., Cerchiaro, G., Chilton, K., Hirabayashi, J., Kasai, K.-I., Oliani, S.M., Perretti, M., A novel biological activity for galectin-1: Inhibition of leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in experimental inflammation (2003) American Journal of Pathology, 163 (4), pp. 1505-1515
  • Cooper, D., Norling, L.V., Perretti, M., Novel insights into the inhibitory effects of Galectin-1 on neutrophil recruitment under flow (2008) Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 83 (6), pp. 1459-1466. , http://www.jleukbio.org/cgi/reprint/83/6/1459, DOI 10.1189/jlb.1207831
  • Stowell, S.R., Karmakar, S., Stowell, C.J., Dias-Baruffi, M., McEver, R.P., Cummings, R.D., Human galectin-1, -2, and -4 induce surface exposure of phosphatidylserine in activated human neutrophils but not in activated T cells (2007) Blood, 109 (1), pp. 219-227. , http://www.bloodjournal.org/cgi/reprint/109/1/219, DOI 10.1182/blood-2006-03-007153
  • Stowell, S.R., Karmakar, S., Arthur, C.M., Ju, T., Rodrigues, L.C., Riul, T.B., Dias-Baruffi, M., Cummings, R.D., Galectin-1 induces reversible phosphatidylserine exposure at the plasma membrane (2009) Mol. Biol. Cell, 20 (5), pp. 1408-1418
  • Karmakar, S., Stowell, S.R., Cummings, R.D., McEver, R.P., Galectin-1 signaling in leukocytes requires expression of complex-type N-glycans (2008) Glycobiology, 18 (10), pp. 770-778
  • Almkvist, J., Dahlgren, C., Leffler, H., Karlsson, A., Activation of the neutrophil nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase by galectin-1 (2002) Journal of Immunology, 168 (8), pp. 4034-4041
  • Giudicelli, V., Lutomski, D., Levi-Strauss, M., Bladier, D., Joubert-Caron, R., Caron, M., Is human galectin-1 activity modulated by monomer/dimer equilibrium? (1997) Glycobiology, 7 (3)
  • Levroney, E.L., Aguilar, H.C., Fulcher, J.A., Kohatsu, L., Pace, K.E., Pang, M., Gurney, K.B., Lee, B., Novel innate immune functions for galectin-1: Galectin-1 inhibits cell fusion by Nipah virus envelope glycoproteins and augments dendritic cell secretion of proinflammatory cytokines (2005) Journal of Immunology, 175 (1), pp. 413-420
  • Leppanen, A., Stowell, S., Blixt, O., Cummings, R.D., Dimeric galectin-1 binds with high affinity to α2,3-sialylated and non-sialylated terminal N-acetyllactosamine units on surface-bound extended glycans (2005) Journal of Biological Chemistry, 280 (7), pp. 5549-5562. , DOI 10.1074/jbc.M412019200
  • Dias-Baruffi, M., Zhu, H., Cho, M., Karmakar, S., McEver, R.P., Cummings, R.D., Dimeric Galectin-1 Induces Surface Exposure of Phosphatidylserine and Phagocytic Recognition of Leukocytes without Inducing Apoptosis (2003) Journal of Biological Chemistry, 278 (42), pp. 41282-41293. , DOI 10.1074/jbc.M306624200
  • Correa, S.G., Sotomayor, C.E., Aoki, M.P., Maldonado, C.A., Rabinovich, G.A., Opposite effects of galectin-1 on alternative metabolic pathways of L-arginine in resident, inflammatory, and activated macrophages (2003) Glycobiology, 13 (2), pp. 119-128. , DOI 10.1093/glycob/cwg010
  • Barrionuevo, P., Beigier-Bompadre, M., Ilarregui, J.M., Toscano, M.A., Bianco, G.A., Isturiz, M.A., Rabinovich, G.A., A novel function for galectin-1 at the crossroad of innate and adaptive immunity: Galectin-1 regulates monocyte/macrophage physiology through a nonapoptotic EMK-dependent pathway (2007) Journal of Immunology, 178 (1), pp. 436-445
  • Malik, R.K., Ghurye, R.R., Lawrence-Watt, D.J., Stewart, H.J., Galectin-1 stimulates monocyte chemotaxis via the p44/42 MAP kinase pathway and a pertussis toxin-sensitive pathway (2009) Glycobiology, 19 (12), pp. 1402-1407
  • Rabinovich, G.A., Sotomayor, C.E., Riera, C.M., Bianco, I., Correa, S.G., Evidence of a role for galectin-1 in acute inflammation (2000) European Journal of Immunology, 30 (5), pp. 1331-1339
  • Fulcher, J.A., Hashimi, S.T., Levroney, E.L., Pang, M., Gurney, K.B., Baum, L.G., Lee, B., Galectin-1-matured human monocyte-derived dendritic cells have enhanced migration through extracellular matrix (2006) Journal of Immunology, 177 (1), pp. 216-226
  • Fulcher, J.A., Chang, M.H., Wang, S., Almazan, T., Hashimi, S.T., Eriksson, A.U., Wen, X., Lee, B., Galectin-1 co-clusters CD43/CD45 on dendritic cells and induces cell activation and migration through Syk and protein kinase C signaling (2009) J. Biol. Chem., 284 (39), pp. 26860-26870
  • Blois, S.M., Ilarregui, J.M., Tometten, M., Garcia, M., Orsal, A.S., Cordo-Russo, R., Toscano, M.A., Arck, P.C., A pivotal role for galectin-1 in fetomaternal tolerance (2007) Nature Medicine, 13 (12), pp. 1450-1457. , DOI 10.1038/nm1680, PII NM1680
  • Perone, M.J., Bertera, S., Tawadrous, Z.S., Shufesky, W.J., Piganelli, J.D., Baum, L.G., Trucco, M., Morelli, A.E., Dendritic cells expressing transgenic galectin-1 delay onset of autoimmune diabetes in mice (2006) Journal of Immunology, 177 (8), pp. 5278-5289
  • Ilarregui, J.M., Croci, D.O., Bianco, G.A., Toscano, M., Salatino, M., Vermeulen, M.E., Greffner, J.R., Rabinovich, G.A., Tolerogenic signals delivered by dendritic cells to T cells through a galectin-1 driven immunoregulatory circuit involving interleukin 27 and interleukin 10 (2009) Nat. Immunol., 10 (9), pp. 981-991
  • Suzuki, Y., Inoue, T., Yoshimaru, T., Ra, C., Galectin-3 but not galectin-1 induces mast cell death by oxidative stress and mitochondrial permeability transition (2008) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1783 (5), pp. 924-934
  • Hughes, R.C., Galectins as modulators of cell adhesion (2001) Biochimie, 83 (7), pp. 667-676. , DOI 10.1016/S0300-9084(01)01289-5
  • Ahmad, N., Gabius, H.-J., Sabesan, S., Oscarson, S., Brewer, C.F., Thermodynamic binding studies of bivalent oligosaccharides to galectin-1, galectin-3, and the carbohydrate recognition domain of galectin-3 (2004) Glycobiology, 14 (9), pp. 817-825. , DOI 10.1093/glycob/cwh095
  • Kuwabara, I., Liu, F.-T., Galectin-3 promotes adhesion of human neutrophils to laminin (1996) Journal of Immunology, 156 (10), pp. 3939-3944
  • Sato, S., Ouellet, N., Pelletier, I., Simard, M., Rancourt, A., Bergeron, M.G., Role of galectin-3 as an adhesion molecule for neutrophil extravasation during streptococcal pneumonia (2002) Journal of Immunology, 168 (4), pp. 1813-1822
  • Nieminen, J., St.-Pierre, C., Sato, S., Galectin-3 interacts with naïve and primed neutrophils, inducing innate immune responses (2005) Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 78 (5), pp. 1127-1135. , DOI 10.1189/jlb.1204702
  • Fernandez, G.C., Ilarregui, J.M., Rubel, C.J., Toscano, M.A., Gomez, S.A., Bompadre, M.B., Isturiz, M.A., Palermo, M.S., Galectin-3 and soluble fibrinogen act in concert to modulate neutrophil activation and survival: Involvement of alternative MAPK pathways (2005) Glycobiology, 15 (5), pp. 519-527. , DOI 10.1093/glycob/cwi026
  • Yamaoka, A., Kuwabara, I., Frigeri, L.G., Liu, F.T., A human lectin, galectin-3 (εbp/Mac-2), stimulates superoxide production by neutrophils (1995) J. Immunol., 154 (7), pp. 3479-3487
  • Almkvist, J., Faldt, J., Dahlgren, C., Leffler, H., Karlsson, A., Lipopolysaccharide-induced gelatinase granule mobilization primes neutrophils for activation by galectin-3 and formylmethionyl-Leu-Phe (2001) Infection and Immunity, 69 (2), pp. 832-837. , DOI 10.1128/IAI.69.2.832-837.2001
  • Swarte, V.V.R., Mebius, R.E., Joziasse, D.H., Van Den Eijnden, D.H., Kraal, G., Lymphocyte triggering via L-selectin leads to enhanced galectin-3-mediated binding to dendritic cells (1998) European Journal of Immunology, 28 (9), pp. 2864-2871. , DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-4141(199809)28:09<2864::AID-IMMU2864>3.0. CO;2-U
  • Mina-Osorio, P., Soto-Cruz, I., Ortega, E., A role for galectin-3 in CD13-mediated homotypic aggregation of monocytes (2007) Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 353 (3), pp. 605-610. , DOI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.12.081, PII S0006291X0602715X
  • Sano, H., Hsu, D.K., Yu, L., Apgar, J.R., Kuwabara, I., Yamanaka, T., Hirashima, M., Liu, F.-T., Human galectin-3 is a novel chemoattractant for monocytes and macrophages (2000) Journal of Immunology, 165 (4), pp. 2156-2164
  • Liu, F.T., Hsu, D.K., Zuberi, R.I., Kuwabara, I., Chi, E.Y., Henderson Jr., W.R., Expression and function of galectin-3, a β-galactoside-binding lectin, in human monocytes and macrophages (1995) Am. J. Pathol., 147 (4), pp. 1016-1028
  • Sano, H., Hsu, D.K., Apgar, J.R., Yu, L., Sharma, B.B., Kuwabara, I., Izui, S., Liu, F.-T., Critical role of galectin-3 in phagocytosis by macrophages (2003) Journal of Clinical Investigation, 112 (3), pp. 389-397. , DOI 10.1172/JCI200317592
  • Hsu, D.K., Yang, R.-Y., Pan, Z., Yu, L., Salomon, D.R., Fung-Leung, W.-P., Liu, F.-T., Targeted disruption of the Galectin-3 gene results in attenuated peritoneal inflammatory responses (2000) American Journal of Pathology, 156 (3), pp. 1073-1083
  • Bernardes, E.S., Silva, N.M., Ruas, L.P., Mineo, J.R., Loyola, A.M., Hsu, D.K., Liu, F.-T., Roque-Barreira, M.C., Toxoplasma gondii infection reveals a novel regulatory role for galectin-3 in the interface of innate and adaptive immunity (2006) American Journal of Pathology, 168 (6), pp. 1910-1920. , DOI 10.2353/ajpath.2006.050636
  • Chen, H.-Y., Sharma, B.B., Yu, L., Zuberi, R., Weng, I.-C., Kawakami, Y., Kawakami, T., Liu, F.-T., Role of galectin-3 in mast cell functions: Galectin-3-deficient mast cells exhibit impaired mediator release and defective JNK expression (2006) Journal of Immunology, 177 (8), pp. 4991-4997
  • Stowell, S.R., Arthur, C.M., Slanina, K.A., Horton, J.R., Smith, D.F., Cummings, R.D., Dimeric galectin-8 induces phosphatidylserine exposure in leukocytes through polylactosamine recognition by the C-terminal domain (2008) J. Biol. Chem., 283 (29), pp. 20547-20559
  • Nishi, N., Shoji, H., Seki, M., Itoh, A., Miyanaka, H., Yuube, K., Hirashima, M., Nakamura, T., Galectin-8 modulates neutrophil function via interaction with integrin αM (2003) Glycobiology, 13 (11), pp. 755-763. , DOI 10.1093/glycob/cwg102
  • Kashio, Y., Nakamura, K., Abedin, M.J., Seki, M., Nishi, N., Yoshida, N., Nakamura, T., Hirashima, M., Galectin-9 induces apoptosis through the calcium-calpain-caspase-1 pathway (2003) Journal of Immunology, 170 (7), pp. 3631-3636
  • Matsuura, A., Tsukada, J., Mizobe, T., Higashi, T., Mouri, F., Tanikawa, R., Yamauchi, A., Tanaka, Y., Intracellular galectin-9 activates inflammatory cytokines in monocytes (2009) Genes Cells, 14 (4), pp. 511-521
  • Dai, S.-Y., Nakagawa, R., Itoh, A., Murakami, H., Kashio, Y., Abe, H., Katoh, S., Hirashima, M., Galectin-9 induces maturation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (2005) Journal of Immunology, 175 (5), pp. 2974-2981
  • Anderson, A.C., Anderson, D.E., Bregoli, L., Hastings, W.D., Kassam, N., Lei, C., Chandwaskar, R., Hafler, D.A., Promotion of tissue inflammation by the immune receptor Tim-3 expressed on innate immune cells (2007) Science, 318 (5853), pp. 1141-1143. , DOI 10.1126/science.1148536
  • Matsumoto, R., Hirashima, M., Kita, H., Gleich, G.J., Biological activities of ecalectin: A novel eosinophil-activating factor (2002) Journal of Immunology, 168 (4), pp. 1961-1967
  • Matsumoto, R., Matsumoto, H., Seki, M., Hata, M., Asano, Y., Kanegasaki, S., Stevens, R.L., Hirashima, M., Human ecalectin, a variant of human galectin-9, is a novel eosinophil chemoattractant produced by T lymphocytes (1998) Journal of Biological Chemistry, 273 (27), pp. 16976-16984. , DOI 10.1074/jbc.273.27.16976
  • Matsushita, N., Nishi, N., Seki, M., Matsumoto, R., Kuwabara, I., Liu, F.-T., Hata, Y., Hirashima, M., Requirement of divalent galactoside-binding activity of ecalectin/galectin-9 for eosinophil chemoattraction (2000) Journal of Biological Chemistry, 275 (12), pp. 8355-8360. , DOI 10.1074/jbc.275.12.8355
  • Sato, M., Nishi, N., Shoji, H., Seki, M., Hashidate, T., Hirabayashi, J., Kasai, K.-I., Nakamura, T., Functional analysis of the carbohydrate recognition domains and a linker peptide of galectin-9 as to eosinophil chemoattractant activity (2002) Glycobiology, 12 (3), pp. 191-197
  • Saita, N., Goto, E., Yamamoto, T., Cho, I., Tsumori, K., Kohrogi, H., Maruo, K., Hirashima, M., Association of galectin-9 with eosinophil apoptosis (2002) International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, 128 (1), pp. 42-50. , DOI 10.1159/000058002
  • Asakura, H., Kashio, Y., Nakamura, K., Seki, M., Dai, S., Shirato, Y., Abedin, M.J., Hirashima, M., Selective eosinophil adhesion to fibroblast via IFN-γ-induced galectin-9 (2002) Journal of Immunology, 169 (10), pp. 5912-5918
  • Abedin, M.J., Kashio, Y., Seki, M., Nakamura, K., Hirashima, M., Potential roles of galectins in myeloid differentiation into three different lineages (2003) Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 73 (5), pp. 650-656. , DOI 10.1189/jlb.0402163
  • Rabinovich, G.A., Iglesias, M.M., Modesti, N.M., Castagna, L.F., Wolfenstein-Todel, C., Riera, C.M., Sotomayor, C.E., Activated rat macrophages produce a galectin-1-like protein that induces apoptosis of T cells: Biochemical and functional characterization (1998) Journal of Immunology, 160 (10), pp. 4831-4840
  • Blaser, C., Kaufmann, M., Muller, C., Zimmermann, C., Wells, V., Mallucci, L., Pircher, H., β-galactoside-binding protein secreted by activated T cells inhibits antigen-induced proliferation of T cells (1998) European Journal of Immunology, 28 (8), pp. 2311-2319. , DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1521-4141(199808)28:08<2311::AID-IMMU2311>3.0. CO;2-G
  • Perillo, N.L., Uittenbogaart, C.H., Nguyen, J.T., Baum, L.G., Galectin-1, an endogenous lectin produced by thymic epithelial cells, induces apoptosis of human thymocytes (1997) Journal of Experimental Medicine, 185 (10), pp. 1851-1858. , DOI 10.1084/jem.185.10.1851
  • Perillo, N.L., Pace, K.E., Seilhamer, J.J., Baum, L.G., Apoptosis of T cells mediated by galectin-1 (1995) Nature, 378 (6558), pp. 736-739
  • Rabinovich, G.A., Modesti, N.M., Castagna, L.F., Landa, C.A., Riera, C.M., Sotomayor, C.E., Specific inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation and induction of apoptosis by CLL-I, a β-galactoside-binding lectin (1997) Journal of Biochemistry, 122 (2), pp. 365-373
  • Rabinovich, G.A., Ramhorst, R.E., Rubinstein, N., Corigliano, A., Daroqui, M.C., Kier-Joffe, E.B., Fainboim, L., Induction of allogenic T-cell hyporesponsiveness by galectin-1-mediated apoptotic and non-apoptotic mechanisms (2002) Cell Death and Differentiation, 9 (6), pp. 661-670. , DOI 10.1038/sj/cdd/4401009
  • Matarrese, P., Tinari, A., Mormone, E., Bianco, G.A., Toscano, M.A., Ascione, B., Rabinovich, G.A., Malorni, W., Galectin-1 sensitizes resting human T lymphocytes to Fas (CD95)-mediated cell death via mitochondrial hyperpolarization, budding, and fission (2005) Journal of Biological Chemistry, 280 (8), pp. 6969-6985. , DOI 10.1074/jbc.M409752200
  • Hahn, H.P., Pang, M., He, J., Hernandez, J.D., Yang, R.-Y., Li, L.Y., Wang, X., Baum, L.G., Galectin-1 induces nuclear translocation of endonuclease G in caspase- and cytochrome c-independent T cell death (2004) Cell Death and Differentiation, 11 (12), pp. 1277-1286. , DOI 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401485
  • Pace, K.E., Hahn, H.P., Pang, M., Nguyen, J.T., Baum, L.G., Cutting edge: CD7 delivers a pro-apoptotic signal during galectin-1-induced T cell death (2000) Journal of Immunology, 165 (5), pp. 2331-2334
  • Liu, S.D., Whiting, C.C., Tomassian, T., Pang, M., Bissel, S.J., Baum, L.G., Mossine, V.V., Miceli, M.C., Endogenous galectin-1 enforces class I-restricted TCR functional fate decisions in thymocytes (2008) Blood, 112 (1), pp. 120-130
  • Chung, C.D., Patel, V.P., Moran, M., Lewis, L.A., Miceli, M.C., Galectin-1 induces partial TCR ζ-chain phosphorylation and antagonizes processive TCR signal transduction (2000) Journal of Immunology, 165 (7), pp. 3722-3729
  • Endharti, A.T., Zhou, Y.W., Nakashima, I., Suzuki, H., Galectin-1 supports survival of naive T cells without promoting cell proliferation (2005) European Journal of Immunology, 35 (1), pp. 86-97. , DOI 10.1002/eji.200425340
  • Silva-Monteiro, E., Lorenzato, L.R., Nihei, O.K., Junqueira, M., Rabinovich, G.A., Hsu, D.K., Liu, F.-T., Villa-Verde, D.M.S., Altered expression of galectin-3 induces cortical thymocyte depletion and premature exit of immature thymocytes during Trypanosoma cruzi infection (2007) American Journal of Pathology, 170 (2), pp. 546-556. , DOI 10.2353/ajpath.2007.060389
  • Rabinovich, G.A., Liu, F.-T., Hirashima, M., Anderson, A., An emerging role for galectins in tuning the immune response: Lessons from experimental models of inflammatory disease, autoimmunity and cancer (2007) Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, 66 (2-3), pp. 143-158. , DOI 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2007.01986.x
  • Pace, K.E., Lee, C., Stewart, P.L., Baum, L.G., Restricted receptor segregation into membrane microdomains occurs on human T cells during apoptosis induced by galectin-1 (1999) Journal of Immunology, 163 (7), pp. 3801-3811
  • Stillman, B.N., Hsu, D.K., Pang, M., Brewer, C.F., Johnson, P., Liu, F.-T., Baum, L.G., Galectin-3 and galectin-1 bind distinct cell surface glycoprotein receptors to induce T cell death (2006) Journal of Immunology, 176 (2), pp. 778-789
  • Nguyen, J.T., Evans, D.P., Galvan, M., Pace, K.E., Leitenberg, D., Bui, T.N., Baum, L.G., CD45 modulates galectin-1-induced T cell death: Regulation by expression of core 2 O-glycans (2001) Journal of Immunology, 167 (10), pp. 5697-5707
  • Walzel, H., Blach, M., Hirabayashi, J., Kasai, K.-I., Brock, J., Involvement of CD2 and CD3 in galectin-1 induced signaling in human Jurkat T-cells (2000) Glycobiology, 10 (2), pp. 131-140
  • Toscano, M.A., Bianco, G.A., Ilarregui, J.M., Croci, D.O., Correale, J., Hernandez, J.D., Zwirner, N.W., Rabinovich, G.A., Differential glycosylation of T H1, T H2 and T H-17 effector cells selectively regulates susceptibility to cell death (2007) Nature Immunology, 8 (8), pp. 825-834. , DOI 10.1038/ni1482, PII NI1482
  • Amano, M., Galvan, M., He, J., Baum, L.G., The ST6Gal I sialyltransferase selectively modifies N-glycans on CD45 to negatively regulate galectin-1-induced CD45 clustering, phosphatase modulation, and T cell death (2003) Journal of Biological Chemistry, 278 (9), pp. 7469-7475. , DOI 10.1074/jbc.M209595200
  • Hernandez, J.D., Nguyen, J.T., He, J., Wang, W., Ardman, B., Green, J.M., Fukuda, M., Baum, L.G., Galectin-1 binds different CD43 glycoforms to cluster CD43 and regulate T cell death (2006) Journal of Immunology, 177 (8), pp. 5328-5336
  • Ion, G., Fajka-Boja, R., Toth, G.K., Caron, M., Monostori, E., Role of p56 lck and ZAP70-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation in galectin-1-induced cell death [2] (2005) Cell Death and Differentiation, 12 (8), pp. 1145-1147. , DOI 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401628
  • Rabinovich, G.A., Alonso, C.R., Sotomayor, C.E., Durand, S., Bocco, J.L., Riera, C.M., Molecular mechanisms implicated in galectin-1-induced apoptosis: Activation of the AP-1 transcription factor and downregulation of Bcl-2 (2000) Cell Death and Differentiation, 7 (8), pp. 747-753
  • Brandt, B., Buchse, T., Abou-Eladab, E.F., Tiedge, M., Krause, E., Jeschke, U., Walzel, H., Galectin-1 induced activation of the apoptotic death-receptor pathway in human Jurkat T lymphocytes (2008) Histochem. Cell Biol., 129 (5), pp. 599-609
  • Stowell, S.R., Qian, Y., Karmakar, S., Koyama, N.S., Dias-Baruffi, M., Leffler, H., McEver, R.P., Cummings, R.D., Differential roles of galectin-1 and galectin-3 in regulating leukocyte viability and cytokine secretion (2008) J. Immunol., 180 (5), pp. 3091-3102
  • Rabinovich, G.A., Ariel, A., Hershkoviz, R., Hirabayashi, J., Kasai, K.-I., Lider, O., Specific inhibition of T-cell adhesion to extracellular matrix and proinflammatory cytokine secretion by human recombinant galectin-1 (1999) Immunology, 97 (1), pp. 100-106. , DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2567.1999.00746.x
  • Van Der Leij, J., Van Den Berg, A., Harms, G., Eschbach, H., Vos, H., Zwiers, P., Van Weeghel, R., Visser, L., Strongly enhanced IL-10 production using stable galectin-1 homodimers (2007) Molecular Immunology, 44 (4), pp. 506-513. , DOI 10.1016/j.molimm.2006.02.011, PII S016158900600037X
  • Motran, C.C., Molinder, K.M., Liu, S.D., Poirier, F., Miceli, M.C., Galectin-1 functions as a Th2 cytokine that selectively induces Th1 apoptosis and promotes Th2 function (2008) Eur. J. Immunol., 38 (11), pp. 3015-3027
  • Juszczynski, P., Ouyang, J., Monti, S., Rodig, S.J., Takeyama, K., Abramson, J., Chen, W., Shipp, M.A., The AP1-dependent secretion of galectin-1 by Reed-Sternberg cells fosters immune privilege in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (2007) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104 (32), pp. 13134-13139. , http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/104/32/13134, DOI 10.1073/pnas.0706017104
  • Gandhi, M.K., Moll, G., Smith, C., Dua, U., Lambley, E., Ramuz, O., Gill, D., Khanna, R., Galectin-1 mediated suppression of Epstein-Barr virus-specific T-cell immunity in classic Hodgkin lymphoma (2007) Blood, 110 (4), pp. 1326-1329. , http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org/cgi/reprint/110/4/1326, DOI 10.1182/blood-2007-01-066100
  • Sugimoto, N., Oida, T., Hirota, K., Nakamura, K., Nomura, T., Uchiyama, T., Sakaguchi, S., Foxp3-dependent and -independent molecules specific for CD25 + CD4 + natural regulatory T cells revealed by DNA microarray analysis (2006) International Immunology, 18 (8), pp. 1197-1209. , DOI 10.1093/intimm/dxl060
  • Garin, M.I., Chu, N.-C., Golshayan, D., Cernuda-Morollon, E., Wait, R., Lechler, R.I., Galectin-1: A key effector of regulation mediated by CD4 +CD25 + T cells (2007) Blood, 109 (5), pp. 2058-2065. , http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org/cgi/reprint/109/5/2058, DOI 10.1182/blood-2006-04-016451
  • He, J., Baum, L.G., Endothelial cell expression of galectin-1 induced by prostate cancer cells inhibits T-cell transendothelial migration (2006) Laboratory Investigation, 86 (6), pp. 578-590. , DOI 10.1038/labinvest.3700420, PII 3700420
  • Norling, L.V., Sampaio, A.L.F., Cooper, D., Perretti, M., Inhibitory control of endothelial galectin-1 on in vitro and in vivo lymphocyte trafficking (2008) FASEB Journal, 22 (3), pp. 682-690. , http://www.fasebj.org/cgi/reprint/22/3/682, DOI 10.1096/fj.07-9268com
  • Rubinstein, N., Alvarez, M., Zwirner, N.W., Toscano, M.A., Ilarregui, J.M., Bravo, A., Mordoh, J., Rabinovich, G.A., Targeted inhibition of galectin-1 gene expression in tumor cells results in heightened T cell-mediated rejection: A potential mechanism of tumor-immune privilege (2004) Cancer Cell, 5 (3), pp. 241-251. , DOI 10.1016/S1535-6108(04)00024-8, PII S1535610804000248
  • Gauthier, L., Rossi, B., Roux, F., Termine, E., Schiff, C., Galectin-1 is a stromal cell ligand of the pre-B cell receptor (BCR) implicated in synapse formation between pre-B and stromal cells and in pre-BCR triggering (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 99 (20), pp. 13014-13019
  • Rossi, B., Espeli, M., Schiff, C., Gauthier, L., Clustering of pre-B cell integrals induces galectin-1-dependent pre-B cell receptor relocalization and activation (2006) Journal of Immunology, 177 (2), pp. 796-803
  • Espeli, M., Mancini, S.J., Breton, C., Poirier, F., Schiff, C., Impaired B-cell development at the pre-BII-cell stage in galectin-1-deficient mice due to inefficient pre-BII/stromal cell interactions (2009) Blood, 113 (23), pp. 5878-5886
  • Zuniga, E., Rabinovich, G.A., Iglesias, M.M., Gruppi, A., Regulated expression of galectin-1 during B-cell activation and implications for T-cell apoptosis (2001) Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 70 (1), pp. 73-79
  • Tsai, C.M., Chiu, Y.K., Hsu, T.L., Lin, I.Y., Hsieh, S.L., Lin, K.I., Galectin-1 promotes immunoglobulin production during plasma cell differentiation (2008) J. Immunol., 181 (7), pp. 4570-4579
  • Yu, X., Siegel, R., Roeder, R.G., Interaction of the B cell-specific transcriptional coactivator OCA-B and galectin-1 and a possible role in regulating BCR-mediated B cell proliferation (2006) Journal of Biological Chemistry, 281 (22), pp. 15505-15516. , http://www.jbc.org/cgi/reprint/281/22/15505.pdf, DOI 10.1074/jbc.M509041200
  • Tabrizi, S.J., Niiro, H., Masui, M., Yoshimoto, G., Iino, T., Kikushige, Y., Wakasaki, T., Akashi, K., T cell leukemia/lymphoma 1 and galectin-1 regulate survival/cell death pathways in human naive and IgM + memory B cells through altering balances in Bcl-2 family proteins (2009) J. Immunol., 182 (3), pp. 1490-1499
  • Sturm, A., Lensch, M., Andre, S., Kaltner, H., Wiedenmann, B., Rosewicz, S., Dignass, A.U., Gabius, H.-J., Human galectin-2: Novel inducer of T cell apoptosis with distinct profile of caspase activation (2004) Journal of Immunology, 173 (6), pp. 3825-3837
  • Paclik, D., Berndt, U., Guzy, C., Dankof, A., Danese, S., Holzloehner, P., Rosewicz, S., Sturm, A., Galectin-2 induces apoptosis of lamina propria T lymphocytes and ameliorates acute and chronic experimental colitis in mice (2008) J. Mol. Med., 86 (12), pp. 1395-1406
  • Ozaki, K., Inoue, K., Sato, H., Iida, A., Ohnishi, Y., Sekine, A., Sato, H., Tanaka, T., Functional variation in LGALS2 confers risk of myocardial infarction and regulates lymphotoxin-α secretion in vitro (2004) Nature, 429 (6987), pp. 72-75. , DOI 10.1038/nature02502
  • Yang, R.-Y., Hsu, D.K., Liu, F.-T., Expression of galectin-3 modulates T-cell growth and apoptosis (1996) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 93 (13), pp. 6737-6742. , DOI 10.1073/pnas.93.13.6737
  • Fukumori, T., Takenaka, Y., Yoshii, T., Kim, H.-R.C., Hogan, V., Inohara, H., Kagawa, S., Raz, A., CD29 and CD7 Mediate Galectin-3-Induced Type II T-Cell Apoptosis (2003) Cancer Research, 63 (23), pp. 8302-8311
  • Liu, F.-T., Patterson, R.J., Wang, J.L., Intracellular functions of galectins (2002) Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - General Subjects, 1572 (2-3), pp. 263-273. , DOI 10.1016/S0304-4165(02)00313-6, PII S0304416502003136
  • Hsu, D.K., Yang, R., Liu, F., Galectins in Apoptosis (2006) Methods in Enzymology, 417, pp. 256-273. , DOI 10.1016/S0076-6879(06)17018-4, PII S0076687906170184, Functional Glycomics
  • Matarrese, P., Tinari, N., Semeraro, M.L., Natoli, C., Iacobelli, S., Malorni, W., Galectin-3 overexpression protects from cell damage and death by influencing mitochondrial homeostasis (2000) FEBS Letters, 473 (3), pp. 311-315. , DOI 10.1016/S0014-5793(00)01547-7, PII S0014579300015477
  • Joo, H.-G., Goedegebuure, P.S., Sadanaga, N., Nagoshi, M., Von Bernstorff, W., Eberlein, T.J., Expression and function of galectin-3, a β-galactoside-binding protein in activated T lymphocytes (2001) Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 69 (4), pp. 555-564
  • Muller, S., Schaffer, T., Flogerzi, B., Fleetwood, A., Weimann, R., Schoepfer, A.M., Seibold, F., Galectin-3 modulates T cell activity and is reduced in the inflamed intestinal epithelium in IBD (2006) Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 12 (7), pp. 588-597. , DOI 10.1097/01.MIB.0000225341.37226.7c, PII 0005472520060700000008
  • Demetriou, M., Granovsky, M., Quaggin, S., Dennis, J.W., Negative regulation of T-cell activation and autoimmunity by Mgat5 N-glycosylation (2001) Nature, 409 (6821), pp. 733-739. , DOI 10.1038/35055582
  • Grigorian, A., Lee, S.-U., Tian, W., Chen, I.-J., Gao, G., Mendelsohn, R., Dennis, J.W., Demetriou, M., Control of T cell-mediated autoimmunity by metabolite flux to N-glycan biosynthesis (2007) Journal of Biological Chemistry, 282 (27), pp. 20027-20035. , http://www.jbc.org/cgi/reprint/282/27/20027, DOI 10.1074/jbc.M701890200
  • Chen, H.Y., Fermin, A., Vardhana, S., Weng, I.C., Lo, K.F., Chang, E.Y., Maverakis, E., Liu, F.T., Galectin-3 negatively regulates TCR-mediated CD4 + T-cell activation at the immunological synapse (2009) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 106 (34), pp. 14496-14501
  • Del Pozo, V., Rojo, M., Rubio, M.L., Cortegano, I., Cardaba, B., Gallardo, S., Ortega, M., Lahoz, C., Gene therapy with galectin-3 inhibits bronchial obstruction and inflammation in antigen-challenged rats through interleukin-5 gene downregulation (2002) American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 166 (5), pp. 732-737. , DOI 10.1164/rccm.2111031
  • Zuberi, R.I., Hsu, D.K., Kalayci, O., Chen, H.-Y., Sheldon, H.K., Yu, L., Apgar, J.R., Liu, F.-T., Critical role for galectin-3 in airway inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in a murine model of asthma (2004) American Journal of Pathology, 165 (6), pp. 2045-2053
  • Breuilh, L., Vanhoutte, F., Fontaine, J., Van Stijn, C.M.W., Tillie-Leblond, I., Capron, M., Faveeuw, C., Trottein, F., Galectin-3 modulates immune and inflammatory responses during helminthic infection: Impact of galectin-3 deficiency on the functions of dendritic cells (2007) Infection and Immunity, 75 (11), pp. 5148-5157. , DOI 10.1128/IAI.02006-06
  • Jiang, H.R., Al Rasebi, Z., Mensah-Brown, E., Shahin, A., Xu, D., Goodyear, C.S., Fukada, S.Y., Lukic, M.L., Galectin-3 deficiency reduces the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (2009) J. Immunol., 182 (2), pp. 1167-1173
  • Hokama, A., Mizoguchi, E., Sugimoto, K., Shimomura, Y., Tanaka, Y., Yoshida, M., Rietdijk, S.T., Mizoguchi, A., Induced reactivity of intestinal CD4 + T cells with an epithelial cell lectin, galectin-4, contributes to exacerbation of intestinal inflammation (2004) Immunity, 20 (6), pp. 681-693. , DOI 10.1016/j.immuni.2004.05.009, PII S1074761304001414
  • Paclik, D., Danese, S., Berndt, U., Wiedenmann, B., Dignass, A., Sturm, A., Galectin-4 controls intestinal inflammation by selective regulation of peripheral and mucosal T cell apoptosis and cell cycle (2008) PLoS One, 3 (7), p. 2629
  • Tribulatti, M.V., Mucci, J., Cattaneo, V., Agucero, F., Gilmartin, T., Head, S.R., Campetella, O., Galectin-8 Induces apoptosis in the CD4 highCD8 high thymocyte subpopulation (2007) Glycobiology, 17 (12), pp. 1404-1412. , DOI 10.1093/glycob/cwm104
  • Norambuena, A., Metz, C., Vicuna, L., Silva, A., Pardo, E., Oyanadel, C., Massardo, L., Soza, A., Galectin-8 induces apoptosis in Jurkat T cells by phosphatidic acid-mediated ERK1/2 activation supported by protein kinase A down-regulation (2009) J. Biol. Chem., 284 (19), pp. 12670-12679
  • Tribulatti, M.V., Cattaneo, V., Hellman, U., Mucci, J., Campetella, O., Galectin-8 provides costimulatory and proliferative signals to T lymphocytes (2009) J. Leukocyte Biol., 86 (2), pp. 371-380
  • Yamamoto, H., Nishi, N., Shoji, H., Itoh, A., Lu, L.-H., Hirashima, M., Nakamura, T., Induction of cell adhesion by galectin-8 and its target molecules in Jurkat T-cells (2008) Journal of Biochemistry, 143 (3), pp. 311-324. , DOI 10.1093/jb/mvm223
  • Wada, J., Ota, K., Kumar, A., Wallner, E.I., Kanwar, Y.S., Developmental regulation, expression, and apoptotic potential of galectin-9, a β-galactoside binding lectin (1997) Journal of Clinical Investigation, 99 (10), pp. 2452-2461
  • Zhu, C., Anderson, A.C., Schubart, A., Xiong, H., Imitola, J., Khoury, S.J., Zheng, X.X., Kuchroo, V.K., The Tim-3 ligand galectin-9 negatively regulates T helper type 1 immunity (2005) Nature Immunology, 6 (12), pp. 1245-1252. , DOI 10.1038/ni1271, PII N1271
  • Wang, F., He, W., Yuan, J., Wu, K., Zhou, H., Zhang, W., Chen, Z.K., Activation of Tim-3-Galectin-9 pathway improves survival of fully allogeneic skin grafts (2008) Transplant Immunol., 19 (1), pp. 12-19
  • Seki, M., Oomizu, S., Sakata, K.M., Sakata, A., Arikawa, T., Watanabe, K., Ito, K., Hirashima, M., Galectin-9 suppresses the generation of Th17, promotes the induction of regulatory T cells, and regulates experimental autoimmune arthritis (2008) Clin. Immunol., 127 (1), pp. 78-88
  • Kubach, J., Lutter, P., Bopp, T., Stoll, S., Becker, C., Huter, E., Richter, C., Jonuleit, H., Human CD4 +CD25 + regulatory T cells: Proteome analysis identifies galectin-10 as a novel marker essential for their anergy and suppressive function (2007) Blood, 110 (5), pp. 1550-1558. , http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org/cgi/reprint/110/5/1550, DOI 10.1182/blood-2007-01-069229
  • Lu, L.-H., Nakagawa, R., Kashio, Y., Ito, A., Shoji, H., Nishi, N., Hirashima, M., Nakamura, T., Characterization of galectin-9-induced death of Jurkat T cells (2007) Journal of Biochemistry, 141 (2), pp. 157-172. , DOI 10.1093/jb/mvm019
  • Levy, Y., Auslender, S., Eisenstein, M., Vidavski, R.R., Ronen, D., Bershadsky, A.D., Zick, Y., It depends on the hinge: A structure-functional analysis of galectin-8, a tandem-repeat type lectin (2006) Glycobiology, 16 (6), pp. 463-476. , DOI 10.1093/glycob/cwj097
  • Carlsson, S., Oberg, C.T., Carlsson, M.C., Sundin, A., Nilsson, U.J., Smith, D., Cummings, R.D., Leffler, H., Affinity of galectin-8 and its carbohydrate recognition domains for ligands in solution and at the cell surface (2007) Glycobiology, 17 (6), pp. 663-676. , DOI 10.1093/glycob/cwm026
  • Bi, S., Earl, L.A., Jacobs, L., Baum, L.G., Structural features of galectin-9 and galectin-1 that determine distinct T cell death pathways (2008) J. Biol. Chem., 283 (18), pp. 12248-12258
  • Earl, L.A., Bi, S., Baum, L.G., Galectin multimerization and lattice formation are regulated by linker region structure (2011) Glycobiology, 21 (1), pp. 6-12
  • Tracey, B.M., Feizi, T., Abbott, W.M., Carruthers, R.A., Green, B.N., Lawson, A.M., Subunit molecular mass assignment of 14,654 da to the soluble β-galactoside-binding lectin from bovine heart muscle and demonstration of intramolecular disulfide bonding associated with oxidative inactivation (1992) J. Biol. Chem., 267 (15), pp. 10342-10347
  • Inagaki, Y., Sohma, Y., Horie, H., Nozawa, R., Kadoya, T., Oxidized galectin-1 promotes axonal regeneration in peripheral nerves but does not possess lectin properties (2000) European Journal of Biochemistry, 267 (10), pp. 2955-2964. , DOI 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01311.x
  • Horie, H., Kadoya, T., Sango, K., Hasegawa, M., Oxidized galectin-1 is an essential factor for peripheral nerve regeneration (2005) Current Drug Targets, 6 (4), pp. 385-394. , DOI 10.2174/1389450054021954
  • Yang, R.Y., Rabinovich, G.A., Liu, F.T., Galectins: Structure, function and therapeutic potential (2008) Expert Rev. Mol. Med., 10, p. 17
  • Tureci, O., Schmitt, H., Fadle, N., Pfreundschuh, M., Sahin, U., Molecular definition of a novel human galectin which is immunogenic in patients with Hodgkin's disease (1997) Journal of Biological Chemistry, 272 (10), pp. 6416-6422. , DOI 10.1074/jbc.272.10.6416

Citas:

---------- APA ----------
Di Lella, S., Sundblad, V., Cerliani, J.P., Guardia, C.M., Estrin, D.A., Vasta, G.R. & Rabinovich, G.A. (2011) . When galectins recognize glycans: From biochemistry to physiology and back again. Biochemistry, 50(37), 7842-7857.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi201121m
---------- CHICAGO ----------
Di Lella, S., Sundblad, V., Cerliani, J.P., Guardia, C.M., Estrin, D.A., Vasta, G.R., et al. "When galectins recognize glycans: From biochemistry to physiology and back again" . Biochemistry 50, no. 37 (2011) : 7842-7857.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi201121m
---------- MLA ----------
Di Lella, S., Sundblad, V., Cerliani, J.P., Guardia, C.M., Estrin, D.A., Vasta, G.R., et al. "When galectins recognize glycans: From biochemistry to physiology and back again" . Biochemistry, vol. 50, no. 37, 2011, pp. 7842-7857.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi201121m
---------- VANCOUVER ----------
Di Lella, S., Sundblad, V., Cerliani, J.P., Guardia, C.M., Estrin, D.A., Vasta, G.R., et al. When galectins recognize glycans: From biochemistry to physiology and back again. Biochemistry. 2011;50(37):7842-7857.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi201121m