Veritas 2008-2009 monitoring of the variable gamma-ray source M87

Acciari, V.A.; Aliu, E.; Arlen, T.; Aune, T.; Beilicke, M.; Benbow, W.; Boltuch, D.; Bradbury, S.M.; Buckley, J.H.; Bugaev, V.; Byrum, K.; Cannon, A.; Cesarini, A.; Chow, Y.C.; Ciupik, L.; Cogan, P.; Cui, W.; Dickherber, R.; Duke, C.; Finley, J.P.; Finnegan, G.; Fortin, P.; Fortson, L.; Furniss, A.; Galante, N.; Gall, D.; Gillanders, G.H.; Godambe, S.; Grube, J.; Guenette, R.; Gyuk, G.; Hanna, D.; Holder, J.; Hui, C.M.; Humensky, T.B.; Imran, A.; Kaaret, P.; Karlsson, N.; Kertzman, M.; Kieda, D.; Konopelko, A.; Krawczynski, H.; Krennrich, F.; Lang, M.J.; Lebohec, S.; Maier, G.; McArthur, S.; McCann, A.; McCutcheon, M.; Millis, J.; Moriarty, P.; Ong, R.A.; Otte, A.N.; Pandel, D.; Perkins, J.S.; Pichel, A.; Pohl, M.; Quinn, J.; Ragan, K.; Reyes, L.C.; Reynolds, P.T.; Roache, E.; Rose, H.J.; Rovero, A.C.; Schroedter, M.; Sembroski, G.H.; Senturk, G.D.; Smith, A.W.; Steele, D.; Swordy, S.P.; Theiling, M.; Thibadeau, S.; Varlotta, A.; Vincent, S.; Wagner, R.G.; Wakely, S.P.; Ward, J.E.; Weekes, T.C.; Weinstein, A.; Weisgarber, T.; Williams, D.A.; Wissel, S.; Wood, M.; Zitzer, B.; Harris, D.E.; Massaro, F.

doi:10.1088/0004-637X/716/1/819

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Acciari, V.A.; Aliu, E.; Arlen, T.; Aune, T.; Beilicke, M.; Benbow, W.; Boltuch, D.; Bradbury, S.M.; Buckley, J.H.; Bugaev, V.; Byrum, K.; Cannon, A.; Cesarini, A.; Chow, Y.C.; Ciupik, L.; Cogan, P.; Cui, W.; Dickherber, R. (...) Massaro, F. "Veritas 2008-2009 monitoring of the variable gamma-ray source M87" (2010) Astrophysical Journal. 716(1):819-824

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Abstract:

M87 is a nearby radio galaxy that is detected at energies ranging from radio to very high energy (VHE) gamma rays. Its proximity and its jet, misaligned from our line of sight, enable detailed morphological studies and extensive modeling at radio, optical, and X-ray energies. Flaring activity was observed at all energies, and multi-wavelength correlations would help clarify the origin of the VHE emission. In this paper, we describe a detailed temporal and spectral analysis of the VERITAS VHE gamma-ray observations of M87 in 2008 and 2009. In the 2008 observing season, VERITAS detected an excess with a statistical significance of 7.2 standard deviations (σ) from M87 during a joint multi-wavelength monitoring campaign conducted by three major VHE experiments along with the Chandra X-ray Observatory. In 2008 February, VERITAS observed a VHE flare from M87 occurring over a 4 day timespan. The peak nightly flux above 250GeV was (1.14 0.26) × 10 -11 cm -2 s -1 , which corresponded to 7.7% of the Crab Nebula flux. M87 was marginally detected before this 4 day flare period, and was not detected afterward. Spectral analysis of the VERITAS observations showed no significant change in the photon index between the flare and pre-flare states. Shortly after the VHE flare seen by VERITAS, the Chandra X-ray Observatory detected the flux from the core of M87 at a historical maximum, while the flux from the nearby knot HST-1 remained quiescent. Acciari etal. presented the 2008 contemporaneous VHE gamma-ray, Chandra X-ray, and Very Long Baseline Array radio observations which suggest the core as the most likely source of VHE emission, in contrast to the 2005 VHE flare that was simultaneous with an X-ray flare in the HST-1 knot. In 2009, VERITAS continued its monitoring of M87 and marginally detected a 4.2σ excess corresponding to a flux of 1% of the Crab Nebula. No VHE flaring activity was observed in 2009. © 2010. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.

Registro:

Documento:	Artículo
Título:	Veritas 2008-2009 monitoring of the variable gamma-ray source M87
Autor:	Acciari, V.A.; Aliu, E.; Arlen, T.; Aune, T.; Beilicke, M.; Benbow, W.; Boltuch, D.; Bradbury, S.M.; Buckley, J.H.; Bugaev, V.; Byrum, K.; Cannon, A.; Cesarini, A.; Chow, Y.C.; Ciupik, L.; Cogan, P.; Cui, W.; Dickherber, R.; Duke, C.; Finley, J.P.; Finnegan, G.; Fortin, P.; Fortson, L.; Furniss, A.; Galante, N.; Gall, D.; Gillanders, G.H.; Godambe, S.; Grube, J.; Guenette, R.; Gyuk, G.; Hanna, D.; Holder, J.; Hui, C.M.; Humensky, T.B.; Imran, A.; Kaaret, P.; Karlsson, N.; Kertzman, M.; Kieda, D.; Konopelko, A.; Krawczynski, H.; Krennrich, F.; Lang, M.J.; Lebohec, S.; Maier, G.; McArthur, S.; McCann, A.; McCutcheon, M.; Millis, J.; Moriarty, P.; Ong, R.A.; Otte, A.N.; Pandel, D.; Perkins, J.S.; Pichel, A.; Pohl, M.; Quinn, J.; Ragan, K.; Reyes, L.C.; Reynolds, P.T.; Roache, E.; Rose, H.J.; Rovero, A.C.; Schroedter, M.; Sembroski, G.H.; Senturk, G.D.; Smith, A.W.; Steele, D.; Swordy, S.P.; Theiling, M.; Thibadeau, S.; Varlotta, A.; Vincent, S.; Wagner, R.G.; Wakely, S.P.; Ward, J.E.; Weekes, T.C.; Weinstein, A.; Weisgarber, T.; Williams, D.A.; Wissel, S.; Wood, M.; Zitzer, B.; Harris, D.E.; Massaro, F.
Filiación:	Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Amado, AZ 85645, United States Department of Physics and Astronomy, Barnard College, Columbia University, NY 10027, United States Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, United States School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland School of Physics, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland Astronomy Department, Adler Planetarium and Astronomy Museum, Chicago, IL 60605, United States Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States Department of Physics, Grinnell College, Grinnell, IA 50112-1690, United States Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Van Allen Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States Department of Physics and Astronomy, DePauw University, Greencastle, IN 46135-0037, United States Department of Physics, Pittsburg State University, 1701 South Broadway, Pittsburg, KS 66762, United States Department of Physics, Andersan University, 1100 East 5th Street, Anderson, IN 46012, United States Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, Galway, Ireland Instituto de Astronomia y Fisica Del Espacio, Casilla de Correo 67-Sucursal 28, (C1428ZAA) Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States Department of Applied Physics and Instrumentation, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France DESY, Platananallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany Department of Physics, Anderson Univarsity, 1100 East 5th Street, Anderson, IN 46012, United States Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany DESY, Platanenollee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA, MS 42, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States
Palabras clave:	Gamma rays: galaxies
Año:	2010
Volumen:	716
Número:	1
Página de inicio:	819
Página de fin:	824
DOI:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/716/1/819
Título revista:	Astrophysical Journal
Título revista abreviado:	Astrophys. J.
ISSN:	0004637X
Registro:	https://bibliotecadigital.exactas.uba.ar/collection/paper/document/paper_0004637X_v716_n1_p819_Acciari

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Citas:

---------- APA ----------

Acciari, V.A., Aliu, E., Arlen, T., Aune, T., Beilicke, M., Benbow, W., Boltuch, D.,..., Massaro, F. (2010) . Veritas 2008-2009 monitoring of the variable gamma-ray source M87. Astrophysical Journal, 716(1), 819-824.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/716/1/819

---------- CHICAGO ----------

Acciari, V.A., Aliu, E., Arlen, T., Aune, T., Beilicke, M., Benbow, W., et al. "Veritas 2008-2009 monitoring of the variable gamma-ray source M87" . Astrophysical Journal 716, no. 1 (2010) : 819-824.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/716/1/819

---------- MLA ----------

Acciari, V.A., Aliu, E., Arlen, T., Aune, T., Beilicke, M., Benbow, W., et al. "Veritas 2008-2009 monitoring of the variable gamma-ray source M87" . Astrophysical Journal, vol. 716, no. 1, 2010, pp. 819-824.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/716/1/819

---------- VANCOUVER ----------

Acciari, V.A., Aliu, E., Arlen, T., Aune, T., Beilicke, M., Benbow, W., et al. Veritas 2008-2009 monitoring of the variable gamma-ray source M87. Astrophys. J. 2010;716(1):819-824.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/716/1/819