Registro:

Referencias:

• Abe, H., Ebuchi, N., Evaluation of sea-surface salinity observed by aquarius (2014) J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 119, pp. 8109-8121
• Abraham, J.P., A review of global ocean temperature observations: Implications for ocean heat content estimates and climate change (2013) Rev. Geophys, 51, pp. 450-483
• Ackerman, S.A., Holz, R.E., Frey, R., Eloranta, E.W., Maddux, B.C., McGill, M., Cloud detection with MODIS. Part II: Validation (2008) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol, 25, pp. 1073-1086
• Adler, R.F., The version 2 global precipitation climatology project (gpcp) monthly precipitation analysis (1979-present (2003) J. Hydrometeor, 4, pp. 1147-1167
• Ahrens, C.D., Atmospheric moisture (2000) Meteorology Today: An Introduction to Weather, Climate and the Environment, p. 108. , 6th ed. Brooks/Cole
• Aiyyer, A., Molinari, J., MJO and tropical cyclogenesis in the gulf of Mexico and eastern pacific: Case study and idealized numerical modeling (2008) J. Atmos. Sci, 65, pp. 2691-2704
• Allan, R., D'Arrigo, R.D., Persistent' enso sequences: How unusual was the recent el niño? (1999) Holocene, 9, pp. 101-118
• Ansell, T., A new globally complete monthly historical gridded mean sea level pressure dataset (hadslp2): 1850-2004 (2006) J. Climate, 19, pp. 5816-5842
• Folland, C.K., Mean sea level pressure [in "state of the Climate in 2013"] (2014) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 95 (7), pp. S26-S28
• Lindesay, J.A., Parker, D.E., (1996) El Niño Southern Oscillation and Climatic Variability, 405p. , CSIRO Publications
• Allen, R., Sherwood, S., Warming maximum in the tropical upper troposphere deduced from thermal winds (2008) Nat. Geosci, 1, pp. 399-403
• Alley, R.B., Anandakrishnan, S., Christianson, K., Horgan, H.J., Muto, A., Parizek, B.R., Pollard, D., Walker, R.T., Oceanic forcing of ice-sheet retreat: West Antarctica and more (2015) Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci, 43, pp. 207-231
• Alley, W.M., Healy, R.W., LaBaugh, J.W., Reilly, T.E., Flow and storage in groundwater systems (2002) Science, 296, pp. 1985-1990
• Alsdorf, D.E., Lettenmaier, D.P., Tracking fresh water from space (2003) Science, 301, pp. 1491-1494
• Amador, J., A climatic feature of the tropical Americas: The trade wind easterly jet (1998) Top. Meteor. Oceanogr, 5, pp. 91-102
• The Intra-Americas sea low-level jet (2008) Ann. New York Acad. Sci, 1146, pp. 153-188
• Alfaro, E.J., Lizano, O.G., Magaña, V.O., Atmospheric forcing of the eastern tropical Pacific: A review (2006) Prog. Oceanogr, 69, pp. 101-142
• Hidalgo, H.G., Calderón, B., Central America [in "state of the Climate 2010"] (2011) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 92 (6), pp. S182-S183
• Durán, A.M., Calderón, B., Rivera, I.L., Vega, C., Central America [in "state of the Climate 2013"] (2014) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 96 (7), pp. S164-S166
• Andela, N., Werf Der Van, G.R., Recent trends in african fires driven by cropland expansion and el niño to la niña transition (2014) Nat. Climate Change, 4, pp. 791-795
• Antonov, J.I., Levitus, S., Boyer, T.P., Thermosteric sea level rise, 1955-2003 (2005) Geophys. Res. Lett, 32, p. L12602
• Salinity (2010) World Ocean Atlas 2009, 2, 184p. , NOAA Atlas NESDIS 69
• Applegate, P. J., B. R. Parizek, R. E. Nicholas, R. B. Alley, and K. Keller, 2014: Increasing temperature forcing reduces the Greenland Ice Sheet's response time scale. Climate Dyn., doi:10.1007/s00382-014-2451-7, in press; Arguez, A., Karl, T.R., Squires, M.F., Vose, R.S., Uncertainty in annual rankings from NOAA's global temperature time series (2013) Geophys. Res. Lett, 40, pp. 5965-5969
• Armstrong, R. L., K. W. Knowles, M. J. Brodzik, and M. A. Hardman, 1994, updated 2014: DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS pathfinder daily EASE-grid brightness temperatures. Version 2. Southern Hemisphere. National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder, CO, digital media. [Available online at http://nsidc.org/data/docs/daac/nsidc0032-ssmi-ease-tbs.gd.html.]; Ashok, K., Behera, S.K., Rao, S.A., Weng, H., Yamagata, T., El Niño Modoki and its possible teleconnection (2007) J. Geophys. Res, 112, p. C11007
• Assmann, K.M., Jenkins, A., Shoosmith, D.R., Walker, D.P., Jacobs, S.S., Nicholls, K.W., Variability of circumpolar deep water transport onto the amundsen sea continental shelf through a shelf break trough (2013) J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 118, pp. 6603-6620
• Atkinson, G.D., Forecasters' guide to tropical meteorology (1971) U.S. Air Force Tech. Rep, 240, 360p
• Azorin-Molina, C., Homogenization and assessment of observed near-surface wind speed trends over Spain and Portugal, 1961-2011 (2014) J. Climate, 27, pp. 3692-3712
• Baccini, A., Estimated carbon dioxide emissions from tropical deforestation improved by carbon-density maps (2012) Nat. Climate Change, 2, pp. 182-185
• Bakker, D.C.E., An update to the surface ocean co 2 atlas (socat version 2 (2014) Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 6, pp. 69-90
• Banzon, V.F., Reynolds, R.W., Use of WindSat to extend a microwave-based daily optimum interpolation sea surface temperature time series (2013) J. Climate, 26, pp. 2557-2562
• Baringer, M.O., Meridional overturning circulation and heat transport observations in the Atlantic [in "state of the Climate in 2012"] (2013) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 94 (8), pp. S65-S68
• Johns, W.E., Garzoli, S., Dong, S., Volkov, D., Hobbs, W.R., Meridional oceanic heat transport in the Atlantic Ocean [in "state of the Climate in 2013"] (2014) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 95 (6), pp. S69-S71
• Barnes, E.A., Screen, J.A., The impact of Arctic warming on the midlatitude jet-stream: Can it? Has it? Will it? (2015) Wiley Interdiscip. Rev.: Climate Change, 6, pp. 277-286
• Bassis, J.N., Walker, C.C., Upper and lower limits on the stability of calving glaciers from the yield strength envelope of ice (2012) Proc. Roy. Soc. London, A468, pp. 913-931
• Bastos, A., Running, S.W., Gouveia, C., Trigo, R.M., The global NPP dependence on ENSO: La Niña and the extraordinary year of 2011 (2013) J. Geophys. Res. Biogeosci, 118, pp. 1247-1255
• Bauer-Marschallinger, B., Dorigo, W.A., Wagner, W., Van Dijk, A.I.J.M., How oceanic oscillation drives soil moisture variations over mainland Australia: An analysis of 32 years of satellite observations (2013) J. Climate, 26, pp. 10159-10173
• Baxter, S., Weaver, S., Gottschalck, J., Xue, Y., Pentad evolution of wintertime impacts of the Madden-Julian oscillation over the contiguous United States (2014) J. Climate, 27, pp. 7356-7367
• Beal, L.M., Hormann, V., Lumpkin, R., Foltz, G.R., The response of the surface circulation of the Arabian Sea to monsoonal forcing (2013) J. Phys. Oceanogr, 43, pp. 2008-2022
• Becker, A., Finger, P., Meyer-Christoffer, A., Rudolf, B., Schamm, K., Schneider, U., Ziese, M., A description of the global land-surface precipitation data products of the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre with sample applications including centennial (trend) analysis from 1901-present (2013) Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 5, pp. 71-99
• Behera, K.S., Luo, J.-J., Masson, S., Rao, S.A., Sakuma, H., Yamagata, T., A CGCM study on the interaction between IOD and ENSO (2006) J. Climate, 19, pp. 1688-1705
• Behrenfeld, M.J., Climate-driven trends in contemporary ocean productivity (2006) Nature, 444, pp. 752-755
• Halsey, K., Milligan, A., Evolved physiological responses of phytoplankton to their integrated growth environment (2008) Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc, B363, pp. 2687-2703
• Behringer, D.W., Ji, M., Leetmaa, A., An improved coupled model for ENSO prediction and implications for ocean initialization. Part I: The ocean data assimilation system (1998) Mon. Wea. Rev, 126, pp. 1013-1021
• Bell, G.D., Chelliah, M., Leading tropical modes associated with interannual and multi-decadal fluctuations in North Atlantic hurricane activity (2006) J. Climate, 19, pp. 590-612
• Bell, G.D., Chelliah, M., The 1999 north atlantic and eastern north pacific hurricane season [in "climate assessment for 1999"] (2000) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 81 (6), pp. S19-S22
• Bell, G.D., Chelliah, M., Atlantic basin [in "state of the Climate in 2010"] (2011) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 92 (7), pp. S115-S121
• Bell, G.D., Chelliah, M., Atlantic basin [in "state of the Climate in 2011"] (2012) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 93 (7), pp. S99-S105
• Bell, G.D., Chelliah, M., Atlantic basin [in "state of the climate in 2013"] (2014) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 95 (7), pp. S86-S90
• Bellassen, V., Reconstruction and attribution of the carbon sink of European forests between 1950 and 2000 (2011) Global Change Biol, 17, pp. 3274-3292
• Bellucci, A., Gualdi, S., Scoccimarro, E., Navarra, A., NAO-ocean circulation interactions in a coupled general circulation model (2008) Climate Dyn, 31, pp. 759-777
• Bergamaschi, P., Atmospheric CH4 in the first decade of the 21st century: Inverse modeling analysis using SCIAMACHY satellite retrievals and NOAA surface measurements (2013) J. Geophys. Res. Atmos, 118, pp. 7350-7369
• Berkowitz, B., (2011) The National Reconnaissance Office at 50 Years: A Brief History, 28p. , Center for the Study of National Reconnaissance
• Bernhard, G., Booth, C.R., Ehramjian, J.C., Comparison of uv irradiance measurements at summit, Greenland; Barrow, Alaska; And south pole, antarctica (2008) Atmos. Chem. Phys, 8, pp. 4799-4810
• Berrisford, P., Dee, D., Fielding, K., Fuentes, M., Kållberg, P., Kobayashi, S., Uppala, S., The ERA-Interim archive version 1.0. ERA Rep. Series 1 (2009) European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts, 16p. , http://old.ecmwf.int/publications/library/ecpublications/_pdf/era/era_report_series/RS_1.pdf
• Berry, D.I., Kent, E.C., A new air-sea interaction gridded dataset from ICOADS with uncertainty estimates (2009) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 90, pp. 645-656
• Air-sea fluxes from icoads: The construction of a new gridded dataset with uncertainty estimates (2011) Int. J. Climatol, 31, pp. 987-1001
• Bichet, A., Wild, M., Folini, D., Schär, C., Causes for decadal variations of wind speed over land: Sensitivity studies with a global model (2012) Geophys. Res. Lett, 39, p. L11701
• Bintanja, R., Van Oldenborgh, G.J., Drijfhout, S.S., Wouters, B., Katsman, C.A., Important role for ocean warming and increased ice-shelf melt in Antarctic sea-ice expansion (2013) Nat. Geosci, 6, pp. 376-379
• Blake, E., (2009) Tropical Cyclones of the Eastern North Pacific Basin, 1949-2006, 162p. , Historical Climatology Series 6-5, NOAA/National Climatic Data Center
• Bockheim, J., Vieira, G., Ramos, M., Lopez-Martinez, J., Serrano, E., Guglielmin, M., Wilhelm, K., Nieuwendam, A., Climate warming and permafrost dynamics in the Antarctic peninsula region (2013) Global Planet. Change, 100, pp. 215-223
• Bodhaine, B.A., Mendonca, B.G., Harris, J.M., Miller, J.M., Seasonal variations in aerosols and atmospheric transmission at Mauna Loa Observatory (1981) J. Geophys. Res, 86, pp. 7395-7398
• Boeckli, L., Brenning, A., Gruber, S., Noetzli, J., Permafrost distribution in the european alps: Calculation and evaluation of an index map and summary statistics (2012) Cryosphere, 6, pp. 807-820
• Boening, C., Willis, J.K., Landerer, F.W., Nerem, R.S., Fasullo, J., The 2011 la niña: So strong, the oceans fell (2012) Geophys. Res. Lett, 39, p. L19602
• Bojinski, S., Verstraete, M., Peterson, T.C., Richter, C., Simmons, A., Zemp, M., The concept of essential climate variables in support of climate research, applications, and policy (2014) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 95, pp. 1431-1443
• Bond, N.A., Cronin, M.F., Freeland, H., Mantua, N., Causes and impacts of the 2014 warm anomaly in the NE Pacific (2015) Geophys. Res. Lett, 42, pp. 3414-3420
• Bonjean, F., Lagerloef, G., Diagnostic model and analysis of the surface currents in the tropical Pacific Ocean (2002) J. Phys. Oceanogr, 32, pp. 2938-2954
• Bonsal, B.R., Prowse, T.D., Duguay, C.R., Lacroix, M.P., Impacts of large-scale teleconnections on freshwater-ice duration over Canada (2006) J. Hydrol, 330, pp. 340-353
• Bopp, L., Multiple stressors of ocean ecosystems in the 21st century: Projections with CMIP5 models (2013) Biogeosciences, 10, pp. 6225-6245
• Bourassa, A.E., Degenstein, D.A., Randel, W.J., Zawodny, J.M., Kyrölä, E., McLinden, C.A., Sioris, C.E., Roth, C.Z., Trends in stratospheric ozone derived from merged SAGE II and Odin-OSIRIS satellite observations (2014) Atmos. Chem. Phys, 14, pp. 6983-6994
• Box, J.E., Fettweis, X., Stroeve, J.C., Tedesco, M., Hall, D.K., Steffen, K., Greenland ice sheet albedo feedback: Thermodynamics and atmospheric drivers (2012) Cryosphere, 6, pp. 821-839
• Boyer, T., Levitus, S., Antonov, J., Locarnini, R., Mishonov, A., Garcia, H., Josey, S.A., Changes in freshwater content in the North Atlantic Ocean 1955-2006 (2007) Geophys. Res. Lett, 34, p. L16603
• Reagan, J.R., Schmid, C., Locarnini, R., Subsurface salinity [in "state of the Climate in 2011"] (2012) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 93 (7), pp. S72-S75
• Reagan, J.R., Schmid, C., Locarnini, R., (2013) World Ocean Database 2013, 209p. , NOAA Atlas NESDIS 72
• Levitus, S., Antonov, J.I., Reagan, J.R., Schmid, C., Locarnini, R., Subsurface salinity [in "state of the climate in 2013"] (2014) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 95 (8), pp. S62-S65
• Brasnett, B., A global analysis of snow depth for numerical weather prediction (1999) J. Appl. Meteor, 38, pp. 726-740
• Brienen, R.J.W., Long-term decline of the Amazon carbon sink (2015) Nature, 519, pp. 344-348
• Bromwich, D.H., Wang, S.-H., Net precipitation (p-e) [in "state of the climate in 2013"] (2014) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 95 (7), pp. S147-S149
• Monaghan, A.J., Guo, Z., Modeling the ENSO modulation of Antarctic climate in the late 1990s with Polar MM5 (2004) J. Climate, 17, pp. 109-132
• Nicolas, J.P., Monaghan, A.J., An assessment of precipitation changes over Antarctica and the Southern Ocean since 1989 in contemporary global reanalyses (2011) J. Climate, 24, pp. 4189-4209
• Brown, L. C., and C. R. Duguay, 2012: Modelling lake ice phenology with an examination of satellite detected sub-grid cell variability. Adv. Meteor., Article 529064, doi:10.1155/2012/529064; Brown, R., Robinson, D., Northern Hemisphere spring snow cover variability and change over 1922-2010 including an assessment of uncertainty (2011) Cryosphere, 5, pp. 219-229
• Bryden, H.L., King, B.A., McCarthy, G.D., McDonagh, E.L., Impact of a 30% reduction in Atlantic meridional overturning during 2009-2010 (2014) Ocean Sci, 10, pp. 683-691
• Bulygina, O.N., Ya. Groisman, P., Razuvaev, V.N., Radionov, V.F., Snow cover basal ice layer changes over Northern Eurasia since 1966 (2010) Environ. Res. Lett, 5, p. 015004
• Butchart, N., Remsberg, E.E., The area of the stratospheric polar vortex as a diagnostic for tracer transport on an isentropic surface (1986) J. Atmos. Sci, 43, pp. 1319-1339
• Camargo, S.J., Sobel, A.H., Western North Pacific tropical cyclone intensity and ENSO (2005) J. Climate, 18, pp. 2996-3006
• Emanuel, K.A., Sobel, A.H., Use of a genesis potential index to diagnose ENSO effects on tropical cyclone genesis (2007) J. Climate, 20, pp. 4819-4834
• Robertson, A.W., Barnston, A.G., Ghil, M., Clustering of eastern north pacific tropical cyclone tracks: Enso and mjo effects (2008) Geochem. Geophys. Geosys, 9, p. Q06V05
• Wheeler, M.C., Sobel, A.H., Diagnosis of the MJO modulation of tropical cyclogenesis using an empirical index (2009) J. Atmos. Sci, 66, pp. 3061-3074
• Campbell, J.W., Blaisdell, J.M., Darzi, M., Level-3 SeaWiFS data products: Spatial and temporal binning algorithms (1995) NASA Tech. Memo. 104566, 32, 73p. , NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
• Carpenter, L.J., Reimann, S., Burkholder, J.B., Clerbaux, C., Hall, B.D., Hossaini, R., Laube, J.C., Yvon-Lewis, S.A., Update on ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) and other gases of interest to the Montreal Protocol (2014) Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2014, p. 55. , www.wmo.int/pages/prog/arep/gaw/ozone_2014/full_report_TOC.html, Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project Rep. World Meteorological Organization, 1.1-1.101
• Carton, J.A., Chepurin, G.A., Reagan, J., Häkkinen, S., Interannual to decadal variability of Atlantic Water in the Nordic and adjacent seas (2011) J. Geophys. Res, 116, p. C11035
• Cartus, O., A national, detailed map of forest aboveground carbon stocks in Mexico (2014) Remote Sens, 6, pp. 5559-5588
• Cassou, C., Intraseasonal interaction between the madden julian oscillation and the north atlantic oscillation (2008) Nature, 455, pp. 523-527
• Cavalieri, D. J., C. L. Parkinson, P. Gloersen, and H. Zwally, 1996, updated yearly: Sea ice concentrations from Nimbus-7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS passive microwave data (1981-2011). National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder, CO, digital media. [Available online at doi:10.5067/8GQ8LZQVL0VL.]; Cazenave, A., Dieng, H.-B., Meyssignac, B., Von Schuckmann, K., Descharme, B., Berthier, E., The rate of sea-level rise (2014) Nat. Climate Change, 4, pp. 358-361
• Cesana, G., Kay, J.E., Chepfer, H., English, J.M., De Boer, G., Ubiquitous low-level liquid-containing Arctic clouds: New observations and climate model constraints from CALIPSO-GOCCP (2012) Geophys. Res. Lett, 39, p. L20804
• Chave, J., Improved allometric models to estimate the aboveground biomass of tropical trees (2014) Global Change Biol, 20, pp. 3177-3190
• Chehade, W., Weber, M., Burrows, J.P., Total ozone trends and variability during 1979-2012 from merged data sets of various satellites (2014) Atmos. Chem. Phys, 14, pp. 7059-7074
• Chen, J.L., Wilson, C.R., Tapley, B.D., Contribution of ice sheet and mountain glacier melt to recent sea level rise (2013) Nat. Geosci, 6, pp. 549-552
• Chen, Y., Morton, D.C., Jin, Y., Gollatz, G.J., Kasibhatla, P.S., Werf Der Van, G.R., DeFries, R.S., Randerson, J.T., Long-term trends and interannual variability of forest, savanna and agricultural fires in South America (2013) Carbon Manage, 4, pp. 617-638
• Chevallier, F., CO 2 surface fluxes at grid point scale estimated from a global 21-year reanalysis of atmospheric measurements (2010) J. Geophys. Res, 115, p. D21307
• Chiou, E.W., Comparison of profile total ozone from sbuv (v8.6) with gome-type and ground-based total ozone for a 16-year period (1996 to 2011 (2014) Atmos. Meas. Tech, 7, pp. 1681-1692
• Christiansen, H.H., The thermal state of permafrost in the Nordic area during the international polar year 2007-2009 (2010) Permafrost Periglacial Processes, 21, pp. 156-181
• Christy, J., Lower tropospheric temperature [in "state of the Climate in 2012"] (2013) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 94 (8), pp. S13-S15
• Christy, J., Lower tropospheric temperature [in "state of the Climate in 2013"] (2014) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 95 (7), pp. S10-S11
• Spencer, R.W., Norris, W.B., The role of remote sensing in monitoring global bulk tropospheric temperatures (2011) Int. J. Remote Sens, 32, pp. 671-685
• Chrysanthou, A., Schrier Der G.Van, Besselaar Den Van, M.E.J., Klein Tank, A.M.G., Brandsma, T., The effects of urbanization on the rise of the European temperature since 1960 (2014) Geophys. Res. Lett, 41, pp. 7716-7722
• Chung, E.-S., Soden, B.J., Sohn, B.J., Shi, L., Upper-tropospheric moistening in response to anthropogenic warming (2014) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111, pp. 11636-11641
• Church, J.A., Ocean temperature and salinity contributions to global and regional sea-level change (2010) Understanding Sea-Level Rise and Variability, pp. 143-176. , J. A. Church et al. Eds., Blackwell
• Clerbaux, C., Monitoring of atmospheric composition using the thermal infrared IASI/ MetOp sounder (2009) Atmos. Chem. Phys, 9, pp. 6041-6054
• Cohen, J., Recent Arctic amplification and extreme mid-latitude weather (2014) Nat. Geosci, 7, pp. 627-637
• Coldewey-Egbers, M., Loyola, D., Braesicke, P., Dameris, M., Van Roozendael, M., Lerot, C., Zimmer, W., A new health check of the ozone layer at global and regional scales (2014) Geophys. Res. Lett, 41, pp. 4363-4372
• Colwell, S., Keller, L.M., Lazzara, M.A., Setzer, A., Surface manned and automatic weather station observations [in "state of the Climate in 2013"] (2014) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 95, pp. S145-S147
• Comiso, J.C., Variability and trends of the global sea ice cover (2010) Sea Ice, pp. 205-246. , 2nd ed. D. N. Thomas, and G. S. Dieckmann, Eds., Wiley-Blackwell
• Compo, G.P., The twentieth century reanalysis project (2011) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc, 137, pp. 1-28
• Cooper, O., Ziemke, J., Tropospheric ozone [in "state of the climate in 2012"] (2013) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 94 (8), pp. S38-S39
• Cooper, O., Ziemke, J., Global distribution and trends of tropospheric ozone: An observation-based review (2014) Elementa: Sci. Anthropocene, 2, p. 000029
• Cross, J.N., Annual sea-air CO 2 fluxes in the Bering Sea: Insights from new autumn and winter observations of a seasonally ice-covered continental shelf (2014) J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 119, pp. 6693-6708
• Cunningham, S.A., Atlantic meridional overturning circulation slowdown cooled the subtropical ocean (2013) Geophys. Res. Lett, 40, pp. 6202-6207
• Curry, J.A., Schramm, J.L., Rossow, W.B., Randall, D., Overview of arctic cloud and radiation characteristics (1996) J. Climate, 9, pp. 1731-1764
• Curry, R., Dickson, R., Yashayaev, I., A change in the freshwater balance of the Atlantic Ocean over the past four decades (2003) Nature, 426, pp. 826-829
• Curtis, S., Adler, R., ENSO indexes based on patterns of satellite-derived precipitation (2000) J. Climate, 13, pp. 2786-2793
• Dadaser-Celik, F., Cengiz, E., Wind speed trends over Turkey from 1975 to 2006 (2014) Int. J. Climatol, 34, pp. 1913-1927
• Dai, A., Recent climatology, variability, and trends in global surface humidity (2006) J. Climate, 19, pp. 3589-3606
• Daniel, J. S., and Coauthors, 2011: A focus on information for policymakers. Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2010, Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project Rep. 52, World Meteorological Organization, 5.1-5.56; De Boer, G., Chapman, W., Kay, J., Medeiros, B., Shupe, M.D., Vavrus, S., Walsh, J., A characterization of the present-day Arctic atmosphere in CCSM4 (2012) J. Climate, 25, pp. 2676-2695
• Dee, D.P., The era-interim reanalysis: Configuration and performance of the data assimilation system (2011) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc, 137, pp. 553-597
• Dee, D.P., The use of reanalysis data for monitoring the state of the climate [in "state of the Climate in 2010"] (2011) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 92 (6), pp. S34-S35
• Deeter, M. N., 2011: MOPITT version 5 product user's guide. [Available online at www.acd.ucar.edu/mopitt/publications.shtml.]; Dee, D.P., The mopitt version 4 co product: Algorithm enhancements, validation, and long-term stability (2010) J. Geophys. Res, 115, p. D07306
• De Jeu, R., Dorigo, W., Wagner, W., Liu, Y., Soil moisture [in "state of the Climate in 2010"] (2011) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 92 (6), pp. S52-S53
• Parinussa, R.M., Wagner, W., Chung, D., Building a climate record of soil moisture from historical satellite observations [in "state of the Climate in 2011"] (2012) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 93 (7), pp. S32-S33
• Parinussa, R.M., Wagner, W., Chung, D., Soil moisture [in "state of the Climate in 2011"] (2012) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 93 (7), pp. S30-S34
• Delworth, T.L., Mann, M.E., Observed and simulated multi-decadal variability in the Northern Hemisphere (2000) Climate Dyn, 16, pp. 661-676
• DeMaria, M., The effect of vertical shear on tropical cyclone intensity change (1996) J. Atmos. Sci, 53, pp. 2076-2087
• De Meij, A., Pozzer, A., Lelieveld, J., Trend analysis in aerosol optical depths and pollutant emission estimates between 2000 and 2009m (2012) Atmos. Environ, 51, pp. 75-85
• De Pablo, M.A., Blanco, J.J., Molina, A., Ramos, M., Quesada, A., Vieira, G., Interannual active layer variability at the limnopolar lake calm site on byers peninsula, livingston island, antarctica (2013) Antarctic Sci, 25, pp. 167-180
• Derksen, C., Brown, R., Spring snow cover extent reductions in the 2008-2012 period exceeding climate model projections (2012) Geophys. Res. Lett, 39, p. L19504
• Deser, M., Alexander, A., Xie, S.P., Phillips, A.S., Sea surface temperature variability: Patterns and mechanisms (2010) Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci, 2, pp. 115-143
• Dessler, A.E., Schoeberl, M.R., Wang, T., Davis, S.M., Rosenlof, K.H., Vernier, J.-P., Variations of stratospheric water vapor over the past three decades (2014) J. Geophys. Res. Atmos, 119, pp. 12588-12598
• Dewitte, S., Crommelynck, D., Joukof, A., Total solar irradiance observations from DIARAD/ VIRGO (2004) J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys, 109, p. A02102
• Diamond, H.J., Tropics [in "state of the climate in 2012"] (2013) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 94 (8), pp. S79-S110
• Diamond, H.J., Tropics [in "state of the climate in 2013"] (2014) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 95 (7), pp. S81-S114
• Lorrey, A.M., Knapp, K.R., Levinson, D.H., Development of an enhanced tropical cyclone tracks database for the southwest Pacific from 1840-2011 (2012) Int. J. Climatol, 32, pp. 2240-2250
• Di Girolamo, L., Menzies, A., Zhao, G., Mueller, K., Moroney, C., Diner, D.J., (2010) Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer Level 3 Cloud Fraction by Altitude Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document, 23p. , JPL Publ. D-62358, Jet Propulsion Laboratory
• Di Lorenzo, E., North Pacific gyre oscillation links ocean climate and ecosystem change (2008) Geophys. Res. Lett, 35, p. L08607
• Di Michele, S., McNally, T., Bauer, P., Genkova, I., Quality assessment of cloud-top height estimates from satellite IR radiances using the CALIPSO lidar (2013) IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens, 51, pp. 2454-2464
• Dlugokencky, E.J., Nisbet, E.G., Fisher, R., Lowry, D., Global atmospheric methane: Budget, changes and dangers (2011) Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, A369, pp. 2058-2072
• Dohan, K., Maximenko, N., Monitoring ocean currents with satellite sensors (2010) Oceanography, 23 (4), pp. 94-103
• Doherty, R.M., Stevenson, D.S., Johnson, C.E., Collins, W.J., Sanderson, M.G., Tropospheric ozone and el niño-southern oscillation: Inf luence of atmospheric dynamics, biomass burning emissions, and future climate change (2006) J. Geophys. Res, 111, p. D19304
• Domingues, C.M., Church, J.A., White, N.J., Gleckler, P.J., Wijffels, S.E., Barker, P.M., Dunn, J.R., Improved estimates of upper-ocean warming and multi-decadal sea-level rise (2008) Nature, 453, pp. 1090-1093
• Donat, M.G., Alexander, L.V., Yang, H., Durre, I., Vose, R., Caesar, J., Global land-based datasets for monitoring climatic extremes (2013) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 94, pp. 997-1006
• Doney, S.C., Oceanography: Plankton in a warmer world (2006) Nature, 444, pp. 695-696
• Fabry, V.J., Feely, R.A., Kleypas, J.A., Ocean acidification: The other CO 2 problem (2009) Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci, 1, pp. 169-192
• Dorigo, W.A., The international soil moisture network: A data hosting facility for global in situ soil moisture measurements (2011) Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci, 15, pp. 1675-1698
• De Jeu, R., Chung, D., Parinussa, R., Liu, Y., Wagner, W., Fernandez-Prieto, D., Evaluating global trends 1988-2010) in harmonized multi-satellite surface soil moisture (2012) Geophys. Res. Lett, 39, p. L18405
• De Jeu, R., Chung, D., Parinussa, R., Liu, Y., Wagner, W., Fernandez-Prieto, D., Soil moisture [in "state of the climate in 2013"] (2014) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 95 (7), pp. S25-S26
• De Jeu, R., Chung, D., Parinussa, R., Liu, Y., Wagner, W., Fernandez-Prieto, D., Evaluation of the ESA CCI soil moisture product using ground-based observations (2015) Remote Sens. Environ, 162, pp. 380-395
• Drumond, A., Gimeno, L., Nieto, R., On the contribution of the tropical Western Hemisphere Warm Pool source of moisture to the Northern Hemisphere precipitation through a Lagrangian approach (2011) J. Geophys. Res, 116, p. D00Q04
• Duchesne, C., Smith, S., Ednie, M., Chartrand, J., 20 years of active layer monitoring in the mackenzie valley, northwest territories (2014) Arctic Change 2014, pp. 42-43. , www.arcticnetmeetings.ca/ac2014/docs/web-posters.pdf, Ottawa, Canada, ArcticNet
• Duchez, A., A new index for the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation at 26°N (2014) J. Climate, 27, pp. 6439-6455
• Duguay, C.R., Prowse, T.D., Bonsal, B.R., Brown, R.D., Lacroix, M.P., Ménard, P., Recent trends in canadian lake ice cover (2006) Hydrol. Processes, 20, pp. 781-801
• Brown, L., Kang, K.-K., Kheyrollah Pour, H., Lake ice [in "state of the climate in 2013"] (2014) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 95 (7), pp. S138-S139
• Bernier, M., Gauthier, Y., Kouraev, A., Lake and river ice (2015) Remote Sensing of the Cryosphere, pp. 273-306. , M. Tedesco, Ed., Wiley-Blackwell
• Dunn, R.J.H., Willett, K.M., Thorne, P.W., Woolley, E.V., Durre, I., Dai, A., Parker, D.E., Vose, R.S., HadISD: A quality-controlled global synoptic report database for selected variables at long-term stations from 1973-2011 (2012) Climate Past, 8, pp. 1649-1679
• Durack, P.J., Wijffels, S.E., Fifty-year trends in global ocean salinities and their relationship to broad-scale warming (2010) J. Climate, 23, pp. 4342-4362
• Matear, R.J., Ocean salinities reveal strong global water cycle intensification during 1950 to 2000 (2012) Science, 336, pp. 455-458
• Gleckler, P.J., Long-term sea-level change revisited: The role of salinity (2014) Environ. Res. Lett, 9, p. 114017
• Dutton, E.G., A coherence between the QBO and the amplitude of the Mauna Loa atmospheric transmission annual cycle (1992) Int. J. Climatol, 12, pp. 383-396
• Dutton, E.G., Long-term changes of atmospheric solar transmission [in "state of the Climate in 2011"] (2012) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 93 (7), p. S50
• Bodhaine, B.A., Solar irradiance anomalies caused by clear-sky transmission variations above Mauna Loa: 1958-1999 (2001) J. Climate, 14, pp. 3255-3262
• Deluisi, J.J., Austring, A.P., Interpretation of Mauna Loa atmospheric transmission relative to aerosols, using photometric precipitable water amounts (1985) J. Atmos. Chem, 3, pp. 53-68
• Dvortsov, V., Solomon, S., Response of the stratospheric temperatures and ozone to past and future increases in stratospheric humidity (2001) J. Geophys. Res, 106, pp. 7505-7514
• Ebita, A., Coauthors, A., The Japanese 55-year reanalysis jra-55": An interim report (2011) SOLA, 7, pp. 149-152
• Eden, C., Willebrand, J., Mechanism of interannual to decadal variability of the North Atlantic circulation (2001) J. Climate, 14, pp. 2266-2280
• Ellis, H.T., Pueschel, R.F., Solar radiation: Absence of air pollution trends at Mauna Loa (1971) Science, 172, pp. 845-846
• Elverhoi, H., 2014: Glacier length change table 2000-2013. Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate. [Available online at www.nve.no/en/Water/Hydrology/Glaciers/.]; Emanuel, K.A., The maximum intensity of hurricanes (1988) J. Atmos. Sci, 45, pp. 1143-1155
• Emanuel, K.A., Sensitivity of tropical cyclones to surface exchange coefficients and a revised steady-state model incorporating eye dynamics (1995) J. Atmos. Sci, 52, pp. 3969-3976
• Nolan, D.S., Tropical cyclone activity and the global climate system (2004) Proc. 26th Conf. on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteor, pp. 240-241. , Miami, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 10A.2
• Enfield, D.B., Mestas-Nuñez, A.M., Multi-scale variabilities in global sea surface temperatures and their relationships with tropospheric climate patterns (1999) J. Climate, 12, pp. 2719-2733
• Trimble, P.J., The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and its relationship to rainfall and river flows in the continental US (2001) Geophys. Res. Lett, 28, pp. 2077-2080
• England, M.H., Huang, F., On the interannual variability of the Indonesian Throughflow and its linkage with ENSO (2005) J. Climate, 18, pp. 1435-1444
• England, M.H., Huang, F., Recent intensification of wind-driven circulation in the Pacific and the ongoing warming hiatus (2014) Nat. Climate Change, 4, pp. 222-227
• Eplee, R.E., Jr., Turpie, K.R., Meister, G., Patt, F.S., Franz, B.A., Bailey, S.W., On-orbit calibration of the suomi national polar-orbiting partnership visible infrared radiometer suite for ocean color applications (2015) Appl. Opt, 54, pp. 1984-2006
• Esaias, W.E., An overview of MODIS capabilities for ocean science observations (1998) IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens, 36, pp. 1250-1265
• Espinoza, J.C., Marengo, J.A., Ronchail, J., Molina, J., Noriega, L., Guyot, J.L., The extreme 2014 flood in south-western Amazon basin: The role of tropical-subtropical South Atlantic SST gradient (2014) Environ. Res. Lett, 9, p. 124007
• Estilow, T. W., and Coauthors, updated 2013: Snow cover extent (Northern Hemisphere) climate data record, by Rutgers. NCAR/UCAR, Boulder, CO, digital data. [Available online at https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu/climate-data/snow-cover-extent-northern-hemisphere-climate-data-record-rutgers.]; European Space Agency, (2012) Report for Mission Selection: Biomass, 193p. , https://earth.esa.int/web/guest/document-library/browse-document-library/-/article/biomass-report-for-mission-selection-an-earth-explorer-to-observe-forest-biomass, ESA SP 1324/1
• Evans, W., Mathis, J.T., The Gulf of Alaska coastal ocean as an atmospheric CO 2 sink (2013) Cont. Shelf Res, 65, pp. 52-63
• Falkowski, P.G., Barber, R.T., Smetacek, V., Biogeochemical controls and feedbacks on ocean primary production (1998) Science, 281, pp. 200-206
• Famiglietti, J.S., The global groundwater crisis (2014) Nat. Climate Change, 4, pp. 945-948
• Fasullo, J.T., Boening, C., Landerer, F.W., Nerem, R.S., Australia's unique influence on global sea level in 2010-2011 (2013) Geophys. Res. Lett, 40, pp. 4368-4373
• Feng, M., Hendon, H.H., Xie, S.-P., Marshall, A.G., Schiller, A., Kosaka, Y., Caputi, N., Pearce, A., Decadal increase in Ningaloo Niño since the late 1990s (2015) Geophys. Res. Lett, 42
• Feng, W., Zhong, M., Lemoine, J.-M., Biancale, R., Hsu, H.-T., Xia, J., Evaluation of groundwater depletion in north China using the gravity recovery and climate experiment (grace) data and ground-based measurements (2013) Water Resour. Res, 49, pp. 2110-2118
• Fetterer, F., S. Wilds, and J. Sloan, 2008: Arctic sea ice melt pond statistics and maps, 1999-2001. National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder, CO, digital media. [Available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.7265/N5PK0D32.]; Field, C.B., Behrenfeld, M.J., Randerson, J.T., Falkowski, P., Primary production of the biosphere: Integrating terrestrial and oceanic components (1998) Science, 281, pp. 237-240
• Fioletov, V.E., Bodeker, G.E., Miller, A.J., McPeters, R.D., Stolarski, R., Global and zonal total ozone variations estimated from ground-based and satellite measurements: 1964-2000 (2002) J. Geophys. Res, 107, p. 4647
• Fioletov, V.E., Bodeker, G.E., Miller, A.J., McPeters, R.D., Stolarski, R., The performance of the ground-based total ozone network assessed using satellite data (2008) J. Geophys. Res, 113, p. D14313
• Flemming, J., Inness, A., Flentje, H., Huijnen, V., Moinat, P., Schultz, M.G., Stein, O., Coupling global chemistry transport models to ECMWF's integrated forecast system (2009) Geosci. Model Dev, 2, pp. 253-265
• Fioletov, V.E., Bodeker, G.E., Miller, A.J., McPeters, R.D., Stolarski, R., Tropospheric chemistry in the integrated forecasting system of ECMWF (2015) Geosci. Model Dev, 8, pp. 975-1003
• Fofonoff, N.P., Lewis, E.L., A practical salinity scale (1979) J. Oceanogr. Soc. Japan, 35, pp. 63-64
• Fogarty, C.T., Klotzbach, P.J., The 2013 Atlantic basin hurricane season: Blip or flip? [in "state of the Climate in 2013"] (2014) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 95 (7), pp. S106-S107
• Fogt, R.L., Bromwich, D.H., Hines, K.M., Understanding the SAM influence on the South Pacific ENSO teleconnection (2011) Climate Dyn, 36, pp. 1555-1576
• Folland, C.K., Knight, J., Linderholm, H.W., Fereday, D., Ineson, S., Hurrell, J.W., The summer north atlantic oscillation: Past, present and future (2009) J. Climate, 22, pp. 1082-1103
• Foster, M.J., Heidinger, A., PATMOS-x: Results from a diurnally corrected 30-yr satellite cloud climatology (2013) J. Climate, 26, pp. 414-425
• Francis, J.A., Vavrus, S.J., Evidence for a wavier jet stream in response to rapid Arctic warming (2015) Environ. Res. Lett, 10, p. 014005
• Tang, Q., Rapid Arctic warming and midlatitude weather patterns: Are they connected? [in "state of the Climate in 2013"] (2014) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 95 (7), pp. S118-S119
• Frank, W.M., Roundy, P.E., The role of tropical waves in tropical cyclogenesis (2006) Mon. Wea. Rev, 134, pp. 2397-2417
• Franz, B.A., Behrenfeld, M.J., Siegel, D.A., Werdell, P.J., Global ocean phytoplankton [in "state of the Climate in 2013"] (2014) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 95 (7), pp. S78-S80
• Free, M., Seidel, D.J., Angell, J.K., Lanzante, J.R., Durre, I., Peterson, T.C., Radiosonde atmospheric temperature products for assessing climate (ratpac): A new dataset of large-area anomaly time series (2005) J. Geophys. Res, 110, p. D22101
• Friend, A.D., Carbon residence time dominates uncertainty in terrestrial vegetation responses to future climate and atmospheric CO 2 (2013) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111, pp. 3280-3285
• Friis, K., Kortzinger, A., Patsch, J., Wallace, D., On the temporal increase of anthropogenic CO 2 in the subpolar North Atlantic (2005) Deep-Sea Res. i, 52, pp. 681-698
• Froidevaux, L., Global ozone chemistry and related datasets for the stratosphere (gozcards): Methodology and sample results with a focus on hcl, h 2 o, and o 3 (2015) Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss, 15, pp. 5849-5957
• Frost, G.V., Epstein, H.E., Tall shrub and tree expansion in Siberian tundra ecotones since the 1960s (2014) Global Change Biol, 2, pp. 1264-1277
• Walker, D.A., Matyshak, G., Ermokhina, K., Patterned-ground facilitates shrub expansion in Low Arctic tundra (2013) Environ. Res. Lett, 8, p. 015035
• Walker, D.A., Matyshak, G., Ermokhina, K., Regional and landscape-scale variability of Landsat-observed vegetation dynamics in northern Siberian tundra (2014) Environ. Res. Lett, 9, p. 025004
• Funk, C., A quasi-global precipitation time series for drought monitoring (2014) U.S. Geological Survey Data Series, 832, 4p
• Gardelle, J., Berthier, E., Arnaud, Y., Kääb, A., Region-wide glacier mass balances over the Pamir-Karakoram-Himalaya during 1999-2011 (2013) Cryosphere, 7, pp. 1263-1286. , Corrigendum, 7, 1885-1886, doi:10.5194/tc-7-1885-2013
• Gardner, A.S., Sharp acceleration of mass loss from Canadian Arctic Archipelago glaciers and ice caps (2011) Nature, 473, pp. 357-360
• Gardner, A.S., A consensus estimate of glacier contributions to sea level rise: 2003 to 2009 (2013) Science, 340, pp. 852-857
• Garzoli, S.L., Baringer, M.O., Dong, S., Perez, R.C., Yao, Q., South Atlantic meridional fluxes (2012) Deep-Sea Res. II, 71, pp. 21-32
• Gaveau, D.L.A., Major atmospheric emissions from peat fires in Southeast Asia during non-drought years: Evidence from the 2013 Sumatran fires (2014) Sci. Rep, 4, p. 6112
• GCOS, (2003) The Second Report on the Adequacy of the Global Observing Systems for Climate in Support of the UNFCCC. GCOS-82 (WMO/TD-1143). World Meteorological Organization, 74p. , www.wmo.int/pages/prog/gcos/Publications/gcos-82_2AR.pdf
• (2010) Implementation Plan for the Global Observing System for Climate in Support of the UNFCCC 2010 Update), 180p. , www.wmo.int/pages/prog/gcos/Publications/gcos-138.pdf, GCOS-138 (GOOS-184, GTOS-76, WMO/TD-1523). World Meteorological Organization
• Geldsetzer, T., Sanden Der J.Van, Brisco, B., Monitoring lake ice during spring melt using RADARSAT-2 SAR (2010) Can. J. Remote Sens, 36 (S2), pp. S391-S400
• George, M., Carbon monoxide distributions from the IASI/METOP mission: Evaluation with other space-borne remote sensors (2009) Atmos. Chem. Phys, 9, pp. 8317-8330
• Gergis, J., Fowler, A.M., A history of ENSO events since A.D. 1525: Implications for future climate change (2009) Climatic Change, 92, pp. 343-387
• Ghafarian, P., E. Olad, and E. Mobarahosn, 2015: Monitoring of dust storm in Tehran on June 2, 2014. Proc. 3rd National Conf. on Air and Noise Pollution Management, Tehran Municipality and Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Giglio, D., Roemmich, D., Climatological monthly heat and freshwater flux estimates on a global scale from Argo (2014) J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 119, pp. 6884-6899
• Gobron, N., and M. Robustelli, 2013: Monitoring the state of the global terrestrial surfaces. Proc. 2013 ESA Living Planet Symposium, Edinburgh, UK, European Space Agency, SP-722; Belward, A.S., Pinty, B., Knorr, W., Monitoring biosphere vegetation 1998-2009 (2010) Geophys. Res. Lett, 37, p. L15402
• Goldenberg, S.B., Shapiro, L.J., Physical mechanisms for the association of El Niño and west African rainfall with Atlantic major hurricane activity (1996) J. Climate, 9, pp. 1169-1187
• Landsea, C.W., Mestas-Nuñez, A.M., Gray, W.M., The recent increase in Atlantic hurricane activity: Causes and implications (2001) Science, 293, pp. 474-479
• Goni, G.J., Wainer, I., Investigation of the Brazil current front variability from altimeter data (2001) J. Geophys. Res, 106, pp. 31117-31128
• Trinanes, J.A., Ocean thermal structure monitoring could aid in the intensity forecast of tropical cyclones (2003) Eos, Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, 84, pp. 573-578
• Kamholz, S., Garzoli, S., Olson, D., Dynamics of the Brazil-Malvinas confluence based on inverted echo sounders and altimetry (1996) J. Geophys. Res, 101, pp. 16273-16289
• Kamholz, S., Garzoli, S., Olson, D., Applications of satellite-derived ocean measurements to tropical cyclone intensity forecasting (2009) Oceanography, 22 (3), pp. 176-183
• Bringas, F., Di Nezio, P.N., Observed low frequency variability of the Brazil Current front (2011) J. Geophys. Res, 116, p. C10037
• Knaff, J.A., Lin, I.-I., Tropical cyclone heat potential [in "state of the Climate in 2012"] (2013) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 94 (8), pp. S99-S101
• Kamholz, S., Garzoli, S., Olson, D., Tropical cyclone heat potential [in "state of the Climate in 2013"] (2014) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 95 (7), pp. S99-S100
• Good, S.A., Martin, M.J., Rayner, N.A., EN4: Quality controlled ocean temperature and salinity profiles and monthly objective analyses with uncertainty estimates (2013) J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 118, pp. 6704-6716
• Gouretski, V., Reseghetti, F., On depth and temperature biases in bathythermograph data: Development of a new correction scheme based on analysis of a global ocean database (2010) Deep-Sea Res. i, 57, pp. 812-833
• Granier, C., Evolution of anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions of air pollutants at global and regional scales during the 1980-2010 period (2011) Climatic Change, 109, pp. 163-190
• Graverson, R., Mauritsen, T., Tjernström, M., Källén, E., Svensson, G., Vertical structure of recent Arctic warming (2008) Nature, 451, pp. 53-56
• Gruber, C., Haimberger, L., On the homogeneity of radiosonde wind time series (2008) Meteor. Z, 17, pp. 631-643
• Gruber, N., Anthropogenic CO 2 in the atlantic ocean (1998) Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 12, pp. 165-191
• Guglielmin, M., Cannone, N., A permafrost warming in a cooling Antarctica? (2012) Climatic Change, 111, pp. 177-195
• Vieira, G., Permafrost and periglacial research in Antarctica: New results and perspectives (2014) Geomorphology, 225, pp. 1-3
• Worland, M.R., Baio, F., Convey, P., Permafrost and snow monitoring at rothera point (adelaide island, maritime antarctica): Implications for rock weathering in cryotic conditions (2014) Geomorphology, 225, pp. 47-56
• Guhathakurta, P., M. Rajeevan, D. R. Sikka, and AjitTyagi, 2014: Observed changes in southwest monsoon rainfall over India during 1901-2011. Int. J. Climatol., doi:10.1002/joc.4095, in press; Guo, Y., Jiang, X., Waliser, D.E., Modulation of the convectively coupled kelvin waves over South America and the tropical atlantic ocean in association with the madden-julian oscillation (2014) J. Atmos. Sci, 71, pp. 1371-1388
• Guttman, N.B., Accepting the standardized precipitation index: A calculation algorithm (1999) J. Amer. Water Resour. Assoc, 35, pp. 311-322
• Haeberli, W., Cihlar, J., Barry, R., Glacier monitoring within the global climate observing system (2000) Ann. Glaciol, 31, pp. 241-246
• Haeberli, W., Cihlar, J., Barry, R., Mountain permafrost: Development and challenges of a young research field (2010) J. Glaciol, 56, pp. 1043-1058
• Haimberger, L., Tavolato, C., Sperka, S., Homogenization of the global radiosonde temperature dataset through combined comparison with reanalysis background series and neighboring stations (2012) J. Climate, 25, pp. 8108-8131
• Hall, B.D., Montzka, S.A., Dutton, G., Elkins, J.W., Ozone-depleting gases [in "state of the Climate in 2013"] (2014) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 95 (7), pp. S34-S36
• Hamlington, B.D., Leben, R.R., Strassburg, M.W., Nerem, R.S., Kim, K.-Y., Contribution of the Pacific decadal oscillation to global mean sea level trends (2013) Geophys. Res. Lett, 40, pp. 5171-5175
• Strassburg, M.W., Leben, R.R., Han, W., Nerem, R.S., Kim, K.-Y., Uncovering an anthropogenic sea-level rise signal in the Pacific Ocean (2014) Nat. Climate Change, 4, pp. 782-785
• Handorf, D., Jaiser, R., Dethloff, K., Rinke, A., Cohen, J., Impacts of Arctic sea ice and continental snow cover changes on atmospheric winter teleconnections (2015) Geophys. Res. Lett, 42, pp. 2367-2377
• Hansen, J., Ruedy, R., Sato, M., Lo, K., Global surface temperature change (2010) Rev. Geophys, 48, p. RG4004
• Hanson, B., Le, R., Hooke, B., Buckling rate and overhang development at a calving face (2003) J. Glaciol, 49, pp. 577-586
• Harris, I., Jones, P.D., Osborn, T.J., Lister, D.H., Updated high-resolution monthly grids of monthly climatic observations: The CRU TS 3.10 dataset (2014) Int. J. Climatol, 34, pp. 623-642
• Hartmann, D.L., Pacific sea surface temperature and the winter of 2015 (2015) Geophys. Res. Lett, 42, pp. 1894-1902
• Hartmann, D.L., Observations: Atmosphere and surface (2013) Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis, pp. 159-254. , T. F. Stocker et al., Eds., Cambridge University Press
• Haverd, V., A stand-alone tree demography and landscape structure module for Earth system models: Integration with inventory data from temperate and boreal forests (2014) Biogeosciences, 11, pp. 4039-4055
• Heidinger, A.K., Foster, M.J., Walther, A., Zhao, X., The pathfinder atmospheres extended (patmos-x) avhrr climate data set (2013) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 95, pp. 909-922
• Helfrich, S.R., McNamara, D., Ramsay, B.H., Baldwin, T., Kasheta, T., Enhancements to, and forthcoming developments in the interactive multisensor snow and ice mapping system (ims (2007) Hydrol. Processes, 21, pp. 1576-1586
• Helm, K.P., Bindoff, N.L., Church, J.A., Changes in the global hydrological-cycle inferred from ocean salinity (2010) Geophys. Res. Lett, 37, p. L18701
• Hendon, H., Zhang, C., Glick, J., Interannual variation of the Madden-Julian oscillation during austral summer (1999) J. Climate, 12, pp. 2538-2550
• Hess, P.G., Zbinden, R., Stratospheric impact on tropospheric ozone variability and trends: 1990-2009 (2013) Atmos. Chem. Phys, 13, pp. 649-674
• Hilburn, K.A., Wentz, F.J., Intercalibrated passive microwave rain products from the unified microwave ocean retrieval algorithm (UMORA (2008) J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol, 47, pp. 778-794
• Hirdman, D., Source identification of short-lived air pollutants in the Arctic using statistical analysis of measurement data and particle dispersion model output (2010) Atmos. Chem. Phys, 10, pp. 669-693
• Hirschi, M., Mueller, B., Dorigo, W., Seneviratne, S.I., Using remotely sensed soil moisture for land-atmosphere coupling diagnostics: The role of surface vs root-zone soil moisture variability (2014) Remote Sens. Environ, 154, pp. 246-252
• Ho, S.-P., Kuo, Y.-H., Schreiner, W., Zhou, X., Using SI-traceable global positioning system radio occultation measurements for climate monitoring [in "state of the Climate in 2009"] (2010) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Sci, 91 (7), pp. S36-S37
• Zhou, X., Kuo, Y.-H., Hunt, D., Wang, J.-H., Global evaluation of radiosonde water vapor systematic biases using GPS radio occultation from cosmic and ecmwf analysis (2010) Remote Sens, 2, pp. 1320-1330
• Hobbs, W., Willis, J.K., Estimates of North Atlantic heat transport from satellite and drifter data (2012) J. Geophys. Res, 117, p. C01008
• Hofmann, D.J., Montzka, S.A., Recovery of the ozone layer (2009) Eos, Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, 90, pp. 1-2
• Butler, J.H., Dlugokencky, E.J., Elkins, J.W., Masarie, K., Montzka, S.A., Tans, P., The role of carbon dioxide in climate forcing from 1979 to 2004: Introduction of the Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (2006) Tellus, 58 B, pp. 614-619
• Holland, P.R., The seasonality of Antarctic sea ice trends (2014) Geophys. Res. Lett, 41, pp. 4230-4237
• Kwok, R., Wind-driven trends in Antarctic sea-ice drift (2012) Nat. Geosci, 5, pp. 872-875
• Hollingsworth, A., Toward a monitor ing and forecasting system for atmospheric composition: The GEMS project (2008) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 89, pp. 1147-1164
• Hong, C.-C., Li, T., Luo, J.-J., Asymmetry of the Indian Ocean dipole. Part II: Model diagnosis (2008) J. Climate, 21, pp. 4849-4858
• Hu, Z.-Z., Kumar, A., Huang, B., Xue, Y., Wang, W., Jha, B., Persistent atmospheric and oceanic anomalies in the North Atlantic from summer 2009 to summer 2010 (2011) J. Climate, 24, pp. 5812-5830
• Ren, H.-L., Wang, H., L'Heureux, M., Jin, F.-F., Weakened interannual variability in the tropical Pacific Ocean since 2000 (2013) J. Climate, 26, pp. 2601-2613
• Huang, B., Zhu, J., Guan, Y., Prediction skill of north pacific variability in ncep climate forecast system version 2: Impact of enso and beyond (2014) J. Climate, 27, pp. 4263-4272
• Huang, B., L'Heureux, M., Lawrimore, J., Liu, C., Zhang, H.-M., Banzon, V., Hu, Z.-Z., Kumar, A., Why did large differences arise in the sea surface temperature datasets across the tropical Pacific during 2012? (2013) J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech, 30, pp. 2944-2953
• Huang, C.-Y., Teng, W.-H., Ho, S.-P., Kuo, H.Y., Global variation of COSMIC precipitable water over land: Comparisons with ground-based GPS measurements and NCEP reanalyses (2013) Geophys. Res. Lett, 40, pp. 5327-5331
• Huckle, R., and J. Schulz, 2012: Generating a polar wind vector data set from METOP-AVHRR observations. [Available online at http://icr4.org/posters/Huckle-OB-7.pdf.]; Doutrinaux-Boucher, M., Lattanzio, A., Schulz, J., Atmospheric motion vectors from EUMETSAT for the use in global reanalyses (2014) 2012 IEEE Int. Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symp. (IGARSS), pp. 4899-4902. , Munich, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
• Huffman, G.J., The TRMM multi-satellite precipitation analysis: Quasi-global, multi-year, combined-sensor precipitation estimates at fine scale (2007) J. Hydrometeor, 8, pp. 38-55
• Adler, R.F., Bolvin, D.T., Gu, G., Improving the global precipitation record: GPCP Version 2.1 (2009) Geophys. Res. Lett, 36, p. L17808
• Hunt, W.H., Winker, D.M., Vaughan, M.A., Powell, K.A., Lucker, P.L., Weimer, C., CALIPSO lidar description and performance assessment (2009) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol, 26, pp. 1214-1228
• Hurst, D.F., Davis, S.M., Rosenlof, K.H., Stratospheric water vapor [in "state of the Climate in 2013"] (2014) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 95 (7), pp. S40-S41
• IGOS, Integrated global observing strategy for the monitoring of our environment from space and from earth (2007) Cryosphere Theme Report; WMO/TD-1405, 100p
• Inness, A., The MACC reanalysis: An 8 yr data set of atmospheric composition (2013) Atmos. Chem. Phys, 13, pp. 4073-4109
• Isaksen, K., Degrading mountain permafrost in southern Norway: Spatial and temporal variability of mean ground temperatures, 1999-2009 (2011) Permafrost Periglacial Processes, 22, pp. 361-377
• Ishidoya, S., Aoki, S., Goto, D., Nakazawa, T., Taguchi, S., Patra, P.K., Time and space variations of the O 2 /N 2 ratio in the troposphere over Japan and estimation of the global CO 2 budget for the period 2000-2010 (2012) Tellus, 64 B, p. 18964
• Ishihara, K., Calculation of global surface temperature anomalies with COBE-SST, (in Japanese (2006) Sokko-jiho [Weather Service Bull.], 73, pp. S19-S25
• Ishii, M., Kimoto, M., Revaluation of historical ocean heat content variations with time-varying XBT and MBT depth bias corrections (2009) J. Oceanogr, 65, pp. 287-299
• Jacob, T., Wahr, J., Pfeffer, W.T., Swenson, S., Recent contributions of glaciers and ice caps to sea level rise (2012) Nature, 482, pp. 514-518
• Janowiak, J.E., Xie, P., CAMS-OPI: A global satellite-rain gauge merged product for real-time precipitation monitoring applications (1999) J. Climate, 12, pp. 3335-3342
• Jeffries, M.O., Morris, K., Duguay, C.R., Floating ice: Lake ice and river ice (2012) Satellite Image Atlas of Glaciers of the World-State of the Earth's Cryosphere at the Beginning of the 21st Century: Glaciers, Global Snow Cover, Floating Ice, and Permafrost and Periglacial Environments, pp. A381-A424. , R. S. Williams Jr. and J. G. Ferrigno, Eds., U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1386-A
• Overland, J.E., Perovich, D.K., The Arctic shifts to a new normal (2013) Phys. Today, 66 (10), pp. 35-40
• John, V.O., Allan, R.P., Soden, B.J., How robust are observed and simulated precipitation responses to tropical ocean warming? (2009) Geophys. Res. Lett, 36, p. L14702
• Johns, W.E., Continuous, array-based estimates of Atlantic Ocean heat transport at 26.5°N (2011) J. Climate, 24, pp. 2429-2449
• Johnson, G.C., Lyman, J.M., Sea surface salinity [in "state of the Climate in 2011"] (2012) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 93 (7), pp. S68-S69. , S72
• Chambers, D.P., Ocean bottom pressure seasonal cycles and decadal trends from GRACE Release-05: Ocean circulation implications (2013) J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 118, pp. 4228-4240
• Lagerloef, G.S.E., Kao, H.-Y., Sea surface salinity [in "state of the Climate in 2012"] (2013) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 94 (8), pp. S57-S61
• Willis, J.K., Boyer, T., Antonov, J., Good, S.A., Domingues, C.M., Bindoff, N., Ocean heat content [in "state of the Climate in 2013"] (2014) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 95 (7), pp. S54-S57
• Lagerloef, G.S.E., Kao, H.-Y., Sea surface salinity [in "state of the climate in 2013"] (2014) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 95 (7), pp. S60-S62
• Jones, P.D., Lister, D.H., Osborn, T.J., Harpham, C., Salmon, M., Morice, C.P., Hemispheric and large-scale land surface air temperature variations: An extensive revision and an update to 2010 (2012) J. Geophys. Res, 117, p. D05127
• Joshi, M.M., Gregory, J.M., Webb, M.J., Sexton, D.M.H., Johns, T.C., Mechanisms for the land/sea warming contrast exhibited by simulations of climate change (2008) Climate Dyn, 30, pp. 455-465
• Joughin, I., Ice-front variation and tidewater behavior on Helheim and Kangerdlugssuaq Glaciers, Greenland (2008) J. Geophys. Res, 113, p. F01004
• Smith, B.E., Medley, B., Marine ice sheet collapse potentially under way for the Thwaites Glacier Basin, West Antarctica (2014) Science, 344, pp. 735-738
• Kaiser, J.W., Biomass burning emissions estimated with a global fire assimilation system based on observed fire radiative power (2012) Biogeosciences, 9, pp. 527-554
• Kalnay, E., The ncep/ncar 40-year reanalysis project (1996) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 77, pp. 437-471
• Kanamitsu, M., Ebisuzaki, W., Woollen, J., Yang, S.-K., Hnilo, J.J., Fiorino, M., Potter, G.L., NCEP-doe amip-II reanalysis (r-2 (2002) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 83, pp. 1631-1643
• Kang, K.-K., Duguay, C.R., Howell, S.E.L., Estimating ice phenology on large northern lakes from AMSR-E: Algorithm development and application to Great Bear Lake and Great Slave Lake, Canada (2012) Cryosphere, 6, pp. 235-254
• Kang, N.-Y., Elsner, J.B., Consensus on climate trends in western North Pacific tropical cyclones (2012) J. Climate, 25, pp. 7564-7573
• Kanzow, T., Seasonal variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation at 26.5°N (2010) J. Climate, 23, pp. 5678-5698
• Kaplan, A., Patterns and indices of climate variability [in "state of the Climate in 2010"] (2011) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 92 (6), pp. S161-S163
• Karlsson, K.-G., CLARA-A1: A cloud, albedo, and radiation dataset from 28 yr of global AVHRR data (2013) Atmos. Chem. Phys, 13, pp. 5351-5367
• Karnauskas, K.B., Can we distinguish canonical El Niño from Modoki? (2013) Geophys. Res. Lett, 40, pp. 5246-5251
• Kawatani, Y., Hamilton, K., Weakened stratospheric quasibiennial oscillation driven by increased tropical mean upwelling (2013) Nature, 497, pp. 478-481
• Kay, J.E., Gettelman, A., Cloud influence on and response to seasonal Arctic sea ice loss (2009) J. Geophys. Res, 114, p. D18204
• Kayano, M., Kousky, V., Intra-seasonal (30-60 day) variability in the global tropics: Principal modes and their evolution (1999) Tellus, 51 A, pp. 373-386
• Keegan, K.M., Albert, M.R., McConnell, J.R., Baker, I., Climate change and forest fires synergistically drive widespread melt events of the Greenland Ice Sheet (2014) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111, pp. 7964-7967
• Kennedy, J.J., How do we know the world has warmed? [in "state of the Climate in 2009"] (2010) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 91 (6), pp. S26-S27
• Rayner, N.A., Smith, R.O., Saunby, M., Parker, D.E., Reassessing biases and other uncertainties in sea-surface temperature observations since 1850 part 1: Measurement and sampling errors (2011) J. Geophys. Res, 116, p. D14103
• Rayner, N.A., Smith, R.O., Saunby, M., Parker, D.E., Reassessing biases and other uncertainties in sea-surface temperature observations since 1850 part 2: Biases and homogenisation (2011) J. Geophys. Res, 116, p. D14104
• Kheyrollah Pour, H., Duguay, C.R., Martynov, A., Brown, L.C., Simulation of surface temperature and ice cover of large northern lakes with 1-D models: A comparison with MODIS satellite data and in situ measurements (2012) Tellus, 64 A, p. 17614
• Kieke, D., Yashayaev, I., Studies of Labrador sea water formation and variability in the subpolar north atlantic in the light of international partnership and collaboration (2015) Prog. Oceanogr, 132, pp. 220-232
• Kiesewetter, G., Sinnhuber, B.-M., Weber, M., Burrows, J.P., Attribution of stratospheric ozone trends to chemistry and transport: A modelling study (2010) Atmos. Chem. Phys, 10, pp. 12073-12089
• Kiladis, G., Weickmann, K., Circulation anomalies associated with tropical convection during northern winter (1992) Mon. Wea. Rev, 120, pp. 1900-1923
• Wheeler, M.C., Haertel, P.T., Straub, K.H., Roundy, P.E., Convectively coupled equatorial waves (2009) Rev. Geophys, 47, p. RG2003
• Kim, B.-M., Son, S.-W., Min, S.-K., Jeong, J.-H., Kim, S.-J., Zhang, X., Shim, T., Yoon, J.-H., Weakening of the stratospheric polar vortex by arctic sea-ice loss (2014) Nat. Commun, 5, p. 4646
• Kim, H., Yeh, P.J.-F., Oki, T., Kanae, S., Role of rivers in the seasonal variations of terrestrial water storage over global basins (2009) Geophys. Res. Lett, 36, p. L17402
• Kim, J.-C., and K. Paik, 2015: Recent recovery of surface wind speed after decadal decrease: A focus on South Korea. Climate Dyn., doi:10.1007/s00382-015-2546-9, in press; Kinnison, D.E., Sensitivity of chemical tracers to meteorological parameters in the MOZART-3 chemical transport model (2007) J. Geophys. Res, 112, p. D20302
• Kirschke, S., Three decades of global methane sources and sinks (2013) Nat. Geosci, 6, pp. 813-823
• Knapp, K.R., Kruk, M.C., Levinson, D.H., Diamond, H.J., Neumann, C.J., The international best track archive for climate stewardship (ibtracs (2010) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 91, pp. 363-376
• Knaff, J.A., Sampson, C.R., Riggio, G.M., Schnapp, A.D., A pressure-based analysis of the historical western North Pacific tropical cyclone intensity record (2013) Mon. Wea. Rev, 141, pp. 2611-2631
• Knust, R., and M. Schröder, Eds., 2014: The Expedition PS82 of the Research Vessel POLARSTERN to the southern Weddell Sea in 2013/2014. Berichte zur Polar-und Meeresforschung (Reports on polar and marine research) 680, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, 155 pp., hdl:10013/epic.44292; Knutson, T., Weickmann, K., 30-60 day atmospheric oscillations: Composite life cycles of convection and circulation anomalies (1987) Mon. Wea. Rev, 115, pp. 1407-1436
• Kobayashi, S., The JRA-55 reanalysis: General specifications and basic characteristics (2015) J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 93, pp. 5-48
• Koirala, S., Yeh, P.J.-F., Hirabayashi, Y., Kanae, S., Oki, T., Global-scale land surface hydrologic modeling with the representation of water table dynamics (2014) J. Geophys. Res. Atmos, 119, pp. 75-89
• Kolstad, E.W., A quikscat climatology of ocean surface winds in the nordic seas: Identification of features and comparison with the ncep/ncar reanalysis (2008) J. Geophys. Res, 113, p. D11106
• Kopp, G., Lean, J.L., A new, lower value of total solar irradiance: Evidence and climate significance (2011) Geophys. Res. Lett, 38, p. L01706
• Kosaka, Y., Xie, S.-P., Recent global-warming hiatus tied to equatorial Pacific surface cooling (2013) Nature, 501, pp. 403-407
• Koumoutsaris, S., Bey, I., Generoso, S., Thouret, V., Influence of el niño-southern oscillation on the interannual variability of tropospheric ozone in the northern midlatitudes (2008) J. Geophys. Res, 113, p. D19301
• Kousky, V., Kayano, M., Principal modes of outgoing longwave radiation and 250-mb circulation for the South American sector (1994) J. Climate, 7, pp. 1131-1143
• Kratz, D.P., Stackhouse, P.W., Jr., Gupta, S.K., Wilber, A.C., Sawaengphokhai, P., McGarragh, G.R., The fast longwave and shortwave flux (flashflux) data product: Single scanner footprint fluxes (2014) J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol, 53, pp. 1059-1079
• Krishnamurti, T.N., Subrahmanyam, D., The 30-50 day mode at 850 mb during monex (1982) J. Atmos. Sci, 39, pp. 2088-2095
• Kumar, A., Jha, B., Wang, H., Attribution of sst variability in global oceans and the role of enso (2014) Climate Dyn, 43, pp. 209-220
• Kurtz, N.T., Galin, N., Studinger, M., An improved CryoSat-2 sea ice freeboard retrieval algorithm through the use of waveform fitting (2014) Cryosphere, 8, pp. 1217-1237
• Kwok, R., Declassified high-resolution visible imagery for Arctic sea ice investigations: An overview (2014) Remote Sens. Environ, 142, pp. 44-56
• Simulated effects of a snow layer on retrieval of CryoSat-2 sea ice freeboard (2014) Geophys. Res. Lett, 41, pp. 5014-5020
• Lagerloef, G., Lukas, R., Bonjean, F., Gunn, J.T., Mitchum, G.T., Bourassa, M., Busalacchi, A.J., El Niño tropical Pacific Ocean surface current and temperature evolution in 2002 and outlook for early 2003 (2003) Geophys. Res. Lett, 30, p. 1514
• Schmitt, R., Schanze, J., Kao, H.-Y., The ocean and the global water cycle (2010) Oceanography, 23 (4), pp. 82-93
• Landschützer, P., Gruber, N., Bakker, D.C.E., Schuster, U., Recent variability of the global ocean carbon sink (2014) Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 28, pp. 927-949
• Landsea, C.W., Franklin, J.L., Atlantic hurricane database uncertainty and presentation of a new database format (2013) Mon. Wea. Rev, 141, pp. 3576-3592
• Lau, W.K.-M., Waliser, D.E., (2012) Intraseasonal Variability in the Atmosphere-Ocean Climate System, 642p. , Springer
• Lee, H.-T., (2014) Climate Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (C-ATBD): Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR)-Daily, 46p. , http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/sds/cdr/CDRs/Outgoing%20Longwave%20Radiation%20-%20Daily/AlgorithmDescription.pdf, NOAA's Climate Data Record (CDR) Program, CDRP-ATBD-0526
• Lehner, B., Döll, P., Development and validation of a global database of lakes, reservoirs and wetlands (2004) J. Hydrol, 296, pp. 1-22
• Lenaerts, J.T.M., Broeke Den M.Van, Modeling drifting snow in Antarctica with a regional climate model: 2. Results (2012) J. Geophys. Res, 117, p. D05109
• Le Quéré, C., Takahashi, T., Buitenhuis, E.T., Roedenbeck, C., Sutherland, S.C., Impact of climate change and variability on the global oceanic sink of CO 2 (2010) Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 24, p. GB4007
• Le Quéré, C., Takahashi, T., Buitenhuis, E.T., Roedenbeck, C., Sutherland, S.C., Global carbon budget 2014 (2015) Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 7, pp. 47-85
• Leung, F.-Y.T., Logan, J.A., Park, R., Hyer, E., Kasischke, E., Streets, D., Yurganov, L., Impacts of enhanced biomass burning in the boreal forests in 1998 on tropospheric chemistry and the sensitivity of model results to the injection height of emissions (2007) J. Geophys. Res, 112, p. D10313
• Levitus, S., Antonov, J.I., Boyer, T.P., Locarnini, R.A., Garcia, H.E., Mishonov, A.V., Global ocean heat content 1955-2008 in light of recently revealed instrumentation problems (2009) Geophys. Res. Lett, 36, p. L07608
• Le Quéré, C., Takahashi, T., Buitenhuis, E.T., Roedenbeck, C., Sutherland, S.C., World ocean heat content and thermosteric sea level change (0-2000 m), 1955-2010 (2012) Geophys. Res. Lett, 39, p. L10603
• L'Heureux, M.L., Collins, D.C., Hu, Z.-Z., Linear trends in sea surface temperature in the tropical pacific ocean and implications for the el niño-southern oscillation (2013) Climate Dyn, 40, pp. 1223-1236
• Li, R., Zhao, L., Ding, Y., Wu, T., Xiao, Y., Du, E., Liu, G., Qiao, Y., Temporal and spatial variations of the active layer along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway in a permafrost region (2012) Chin. Sci. Bull, 57, pp. 4609-4616
• Lin, C., Yang, K., Qin, J., Fu, R., Observed coherent trends of surface and upper-air wind speed over China since 1960 (2013) J. Climate, 26, pp. 2891-2903
• Lin, H., Brunet, G., Derome, J., An observed connection between the north atlantic oscillation and the madden-julian oscillation (2009) J. Climate, 22, pp. 364-380
• Lin, I.-I., Wu, C.-C., Pun, I.-F., Ko, D.-S., Upper-ocean thermal structure and the western North Pacific category 5 typhoons. Part I: Ocean features and the category 5 typhoons' intensification (2008) Mon. Wea. Rev, 136, pp. 3288-3306
• Lin, I.-I., Wu, C.-C., Pun, I.-F., Ko, D.-S., An ocean coupling potential intensity index for tropical cyclones (2013) Geophys. Res. Lett, 40, pp. 1878-1882
• Pun, I.-F., Lien, C.-C., Category-6' supertyphoon Haiyan in global warming hiatus: Contribution from subsurface ocean warming (2014) Geophys. Res. Lett, 41, pp. 8547-8553
• Lin, M., Horowitz, L.W., Oltmans, S.J., Fiore, A.M., Fan, S., Tropospheric ozone trends at mauna loa observatory tied to decadal climate variability (2014) Nat. Geosci, 7, pp. 136-143
• Liu, H., Wang, L., Jezek, K., Wavelet-based edge detection approach to derivation of snow-melt onset, duration and extent from satellite passive microwave measurements (2005) Int. J. Remote Sens, 26, pp. 4639-4660
• Liu, H., Wang, L., Jezek, K., Spatio-temporal variations of snow melt zones in Antarctic Ice Sheet derived from satellite SMMR and SSM/I data 1978-2004 (2006) J. Geophys. Res, 111, p. F01003
• Liu, J., Curry, J.A., Accelerated warming of the Southern Ocean and its impacts on the hydrological cycle and sea ice (2010) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 107, pp. 14987-14992
• Liu, Y.Y., Dorigo, W.A., Parinussa, R.M., De Jeu, R.A.M., Wagner, W., McCabe, M.F., Evans, J.P., Van Dijk, A.I.J.M., Trend-preserving blending of passive and active microwave soil moisture retrievals (2012) Remote Sens. Environ, 123, pp. 280-297
• Van Dijk, A.I.J.M., De Jeu, R.A.M., Canadell, J.G., McCabe, M.F., Evans, J.P., Wang, G., Recent reversal in losses of global terrestrial biomass (2015) Nat. Climate Change, 5, pp. 470-474. , in press
• Llovel, W., Willis, J.K., Landerer, F.W., Fukumori, I., Deep-ocean contribution to sea level and energy budget not detectable over the past decade (2014) Nat. Climate Change, 4, pp. 1031-1035
• Loeb, N.G., Wielicki, B.A., Doelling, D.R., Smith, G.L., Keyes, D.F., Kato, S., Manalo-Smith, N., Wong, T., Toward optimal closure of the Earth's Top-of-Atmosphere radiation budget (2009) J. Climate, 22, pp. 748-766
• Kato, S., Su, W., Wong, T., Rose, F., Doelling, D.R., Norris, J., Advances in understanding Top-of-Atmosphere radiation variability from satellite observations (2012) Surv. Geophys, 33, pp. 359-385
• Long, C.S., Christy, J.R., Lower stratospheric temperatures [in "state of the Climate in 2013"] (2014) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 95 (7), pp. S14-S15
• Lovenduski, N., Gruber, N., Impact of the Southern Annular Mode on the Southern Ocean circulation and biology (2005) Geophys. Res. Lett, 32, p. L11603
• Loyola, D., Global long-term monitoring of the ozone layer - A prerequisite for predictions (2009) Int. J. Remote Sens, 30, pp. 4295-4318
• Lozier, M.S., Overturning in the North atlantic (2012) Annu. Rev. Marine Sci, 4, pp. 291-315
• Lumpkin, R., Speer, K., Global ocean meridional overturning (2007) J. Phys. Oceanogr, 37, pp. 2550-2562
• Garzoli, S., Interannual to decadal changes in the southwestern Atlantic's surface circulation (2010) J. Geophys. Res, 116, p. C01014
• Goni, G., Dohan, K., Surface currents [in "state of the Climate in 2013"] (2014) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 95 (7), pp. S65-S67
• Luo, J.-J., Indian Ocean dipole [in "state of the Climate in 2013"] (2014) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 95 (7), pp. S109-S111
• Behera, S., Masumoto, Y., Sakuma, H., Yamagata, T., Successful prediction of the consecutive IOD in 2006 and 2007 (2008) Geophys. Res. Lett, 35, p. L14S02
• Zhang, R., Behera, S.K., Masumoto, Y., Jin, F.-F., Lukas, R., Yamagata, T., Interaction between El Niño and extreme Indian Ocean dipole (2010) J. Climate, 23, pp. 726-742
• Sasaki, W., Masumoto, Y., Indian ocean warming modulates pacific climate change (2012) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 109, pp. 18701-18706
• Lyman, J.M., Estimating global energy flow from the global upper ocean (2012) Surv. Geophys, 33, pp. 387-393
• Johnson, G.C., Estimating global ocean heat content changes in the upper 1800 m since 1950 and the influence of climatology choice (2014) J. Climate, 27, pp. 1946-1958
• Good, S.A., Gouretski, V., Ishii, M., Johnson, G.C., Palmer, M.D., Smith, D.A., Willis, J.K., Robust warming of the global upper ocean (2010) Nature, 465, pp. 334-337
• Lyon, B., Barnston, A.G., DeWitt, D.G., Tropical Pacific forcing of a 1998-1999 climate shift: Observational analysis and climate model results for the boreal spring season (2014) Climate Dyn, 43, pp. 893-909
• MACC-II, 2014: Final report: MACC-II: Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate-Interim implementation. [Available online at www.copernicus-atmosphere .eu/documents/maccii/general/MACCII-FinalReport .pdf.]; Macdonald, A., Baringer, M., Observed ocean transport of heat (2013) Ocean Circulation and Climate: A 21st Century Perspective, 103, pp. 759-785. , 2nd ed., G. Siedler et al., Eds., International Geophysics Series, Elsevier
• Madden, R., Julian, P., Detection of a 40-50 day oscillation in the zonal wind in the tropical Pacific (1971) J. Atmos. Sci, 28, pp. 702-708
• Madden, R., Julian, P., Description of global-scale circulation cells in the tropics with a 40-50 day period (1972) J. Atmos. Sci, 29, pp. 1109-1123
• Madden, R., Julian, P., Observations of the 40-50 day tropical oscillation: A review (1994) Mon. Wea. Rev, 122, pp. 814-837
• Magaña, V., Amador, J.A., Medina, S., The midsummer drought over México and Central America (1999) J. Climate, 12, pp. 1577-1588
• Magnin, F., Deline, P., Ravanel, L., Noetzli, J., Pogliotti, P., Thermal characteristics of permafrost in the steep alpine rockwalls of the aiguille du midi (mont blanc massif, 3842 m a.s.l (2015) Cryosphere, 9, pp. 109-121
• Mainelli, M., DeMaria, M., Shay, L., Goni, G., Application of oceanic heat content estimation to operational forecasting of recent Atlantic category 5 hurricanes (2008) Wea. Forecasting, 23, pp. 3-16
• Majkut, J.D., Sarmiento, J.L., Rodgers, K.B., A growing oceanic carbon uptake: Results from an inversion study of surface pCO 2 data (2014) Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 28, pp. 335-351
• Maloney, E.D., Hartmann, D.L., The Madden-Julian oscillation, barotropic dynamics, and North Pacific tropical cyclone formation. Part I: Observations (2001) J. Atmos. Sci, 58, pp. 2545-2558
• Manney, G.L., Unprecedented Arctic ozone loss in 2011 echoed the Antarctic ozone hole (2011) Nature, 478, pp. 469-475
• Mantua, N.J., Hare, S.R., Zhang, Y., Wallace, J.M., Francis, R.C., A Pacific interdecadal climate oscillation with impacts on salmon production (1997) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 78, pp. 1069-1079
• Marécal, V., A regional air quality forecasting system over Europe: The MACC-II daily ensemble production (2015) Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss, 8, pp. 2739-2806
• Marengo, J.A., Alves, L.M., Soares, W.R., Rodriguez, D.A., Camargo, H., Paredes Riveros, M., Diaz Pabló, A., Two contrasting seasonal extremes in tropical South America in 2012: Flood in Amazonia and drought in northeast Brazil (2013) J. Climate, 26, pp. 9137-9154
• Markus, T., Stroeve, J.C., Miller, J., Recent changes in Arctic sea ice melt onset, freezeup, and melt season length (2009) J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 114, p. C12024
• Marshall, G.J., Trends in the southern annular mode from observations and reanalyses (2003) J. Climate, 16, pp. 4134-4143
• Marshall, J., Speer, K., Closure of the meridional overturning circulation through Southern Ocean upwelling (2012) Nat. Geosci, 5, pp. 171-180
• Maslanik, J., and J. Stroeve, 1999, updated daily: Near-real-time DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS daily polar gridded sea ice concentrations. National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder, CO, digital media. [Available online at http://nsidc.org/data/docs/daac/nsidc0081-ssmi-nrt-seaice.gd.html.]; Fowler, C., Emery, W., Distribution and trends in Arctic sea ice age through spring 2011 (2011) Geophys. Res. Lett, 38, p. L13502
• Massom, R.A., Reid, P., Stammerjohn, S., Barreira, S., Lieser, J., Scambos, T., Sea ice extent and concentration [in "state of the Climate in 2012"] (2013) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 94 (8), pp. S141-S142
• Scambos, T., Lieser, J., Sea ice extent and concentration [in "state of the Climate in 2013"] (2014) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 95 (7), pp. S150-S152
• McCarthy, G., Observed interannual variability of the atlantic meridional overturning circulation at 26.5°n (2012) Geophys. Res. Lett, 39, p. L19609
• McCarthy, G., Measuring the atlantic meridional overturning circulation at 26°n (2015) Prog. Oceanogr, 130, pp. 91-111
• McClain, C.R., A decade of satellite ocean color observations (2009) Annu. Rev. Marine Sci, 1, pp. 19-42
• McGrath, D., Steffen, K., Recent cooler conditions on the northern antarctic peninsula [in "state of the climate in 2011"] (2012) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 93 (7), pp. S154-S155
• McPeters, R.D., Bhartia, P.K., Haffner, D., Labow, G.J., Flynn, L., The version 8.6 sbuv ozone data record: An overview (2013) J. Geophys. Res. Atmos, 118, pp. 8032-8039
• McTaggart-Cowan, R., Bosart, L.F., Gyakum, J.R., Atallah, E.H., Hurricane katrina 2005 part II: Evolution and hemispheric impacts of a diabatically generated warm pool (2007) Mon. Wea. Rev, 135, pp. 3927-3949
• McVicar, T.R., Körner, C., On the use of elevation, altitude and height in the ecological and climatology literature (2013) Oecologia, 171, pp. 335-337
• Van Niel, T.G., Li, L.T., Roderick, M.L., Rayner, D.P., Ricciardulli, L., Donohue, R.J., Wind speed climatology and trends for Australia, 1975-2006: Capturing the stilling phenomenon and comparison with near-surface reanalysis output (2008) Geophys. Res. Lett, 35, p. L20403
• McCarthy, G., Global review and synthesis of trends in observed terrestrial near-surface wind speeds: Implications for evaporation (2012) J. Hydrology, 416-417, pp. 182-205
• Vautard, R., Thépaut, J.-N., Berrisford, P., Dunn, R.J.H., Land surface winds [in "state of the climate in 2012"] (2013) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 94 (8), pp. S27-S29
• Mears, C.A., Wentz, F.J., Construction of the rss v3.2 lower tropospheric temperature records from the msu and amsu microwave sounders (2009) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol, 26, pp. 1492-1509
• Meehl, G.A., Hu, A., Arblaster, J.M., Fasullo, J., Trenberth, K.E., Externally forced and internally generated decadal climate variability associated with the interdecadal Pacific oscillation (2013) J. Climate, 26, pp. 7298-7310
• Meijers, A.J.S., Bindoff, N.L., Rintoul, S.R., Frontal movements and property fluxes: Contributions to heat and freshwater trends in the Southern Ocean (2011) J. Geophys. Res, 116, p. C08024
• Mengistu Tsidu, G., High-resolution monthly rainfall database for Ethiopia: Homogenization, reconstruction, and gridding (2012) J. Climate, 25, pp. 8422-8443
• Menne, M.J., Durre, I., Gleason, B.G., Houston, T.G., Vose, R.S., An overview of the global historical climatology network-daily database (2012) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol, 29, pp. 897-910
• Meredith, M.P., Schofield, O., Newman, L., Urban, E., Sparrow, M.D., The vision for a southern ocean observing system (2013) Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustainability, 5, pp. 306-313
• Merrifield, M.A., Thompson, P.R., Lander, M., Multidecadal sea level anomalies and trends in the western tropical Pacific (2012) Geophys. Res. Lett, 39, p. L13602
• Genz, A.S., Kontoes, C.P., Marra, J.J., Annual maximum water levels from tide gauges: Contributing factors and geographic patterns (2013) J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 118, pp. 2535-2546
• Mikaloff-Fletcher, S.E., Inverse estimates of anthropogenic CO 2 uptake, transport, and storage by the ocean (2006) Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 20, p. GB2002
• Miller, B.R., HFC-23 (chf3) emission trend response to hcfc-22 (chclf2) production and recent hfc-23 emission abatement measures (2010) Atmos. Chem. Phys, 10, pp. 7875-7890
• Miralles, D.G., Teuling, A.J., Van Heerwaarden, C.C., Arellano De Vila-Guerau, J., Mega-heatwave temperatures due to combined soil desiccation and atmospheric heat accumulation (2014) Nat. Geosci, 7, pp. 345-349
• Miralles, D.G., Teuling, A.J., Van Heerwaarden, C.C., Arellano De Vila-Guerau, J., El Niño-La Niña cycle and recent trends in continental evaporation (2014) Nat. Climate Change, 4, pp. 122-126
• Misra, V., Li, H., Kozar, M., The precursors in the Intra-Americas Seas to seasonal climate variations over North America (2014) J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 119, pp. 2938-2948
• Mitchard, E.T.A., Markedly divergent estimates of Amazon forest carbon density from ground plots and satellites (2014) Global Ecol. Biogeogr, 23, pp. 935-946
• Mo, K.C., The association between intraseasonal oscillations and tropical storms in the Atlantic Basin (2000) Mon. Wea. Rev, 128, pp. 4097-4107
• Kousky, V.E., Further analysis of the relationship between circulation anomaly patterns and tropical convection (1993) J. Geophys. Res, 98, pp. 5103-5113
• Montzka, S.A., Ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) and related chemicals (2011) Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2010, p. 52. , Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project Rep. World Meteorological Organization, 1.1-1.108
• Montzka, S.A., Recent trends in global emissions of hydrochlorofluorocarbons and hydrofluorocarbons: Reflecting on the 2007 Adjustments to the Montreal Protocol (2014) J. Phys. Chem. A, 119, pp. 4439-4449
• Morcrette, J.-J., A. Benedetti, L. Jones, J. W. Kaiser, M. Razinger, and M. Suttie, 2011: Prognostic aerosols in the ECMWF IFS: MACC vs GEMS aerosols. ECMWF Tech Memo 659. [Available online at www.ecmwf.int/en/research/publications.]; Morice, C.P., Kennedy, J.J., Rayner, N.A., Jones, P.D., Quantifying uncertainties in global and regional temperature change using an ensemble of observational estimates: The HadCRUT4 dataset (2012) J. Geophys. Res, 117, p. D08101
• Morrison, H., De Boer, G., Feingold, G., Harrington, J., Shupe, M.D., Sulia, K., Resilience of persistent Arctic mixed-phase clouds (2012) Nat. Geosci, 5, pp. 11-17
• Mote, T., Greenland surface melt trends 1973-2007: Evidence of a large increase in 2007 (2007) Geophys. Res. Lett, 34, p. L22507
• Mühle, J., Perfluorocarbons in the global atmosphere: Tetrafluoromethane, hexafluoroethane, and octafluoropropane (2010) Atmos. Chem. Phys, 10, pp. 5145-5164
• Müller, R., Grooß, J.-U., Lemmen, C., Heinze, D., Dameris, M., Bodeker, G., Simple measures of ozone depletion in the polar stratosphere (2008) Atmos. Chem. Phys, 8, pp. 251-264
• Münnich, M., Neelin, J.D., Seasonal inf luence of ENSO on the Atlantic ITCZ and equatorial South America (2005) Geophys. Res. Lett, 32, p. L21709
• Murray, L.T., Logan, J.A., Jacob, D.J., Interannual variability in tropical tropospheric ozone and OH: The role of lightning (2013) J. Geophys. Res. Atmos, 118, pp. 11468-11480
• Myhre, G., Anthropogenic and natural radiative forcing (2013) Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis, pp. 659-740. , T. F. Stocker et al., Eds., Cambridge University Press
• Nakazawa, T., Hoshino, S., Intercomparison of Dvorak parameters in the tropical cyclone datasets over the western North Pacific (2009) SOLA, 5, pp. 33-36
• Nerem, R.S., Chambers, D.P., Choe, C., Mitchum, G.T., Estimating mean sea level change from the TOPEX and Jason altimeter missions (2010) Mar. Geod, 33, pp. 435-446
• Newman, P.A., Daniel, J.S., Waugh, D.W., Nash, E.R., A new formulation of equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine (EESC (2007) Atmos. Chem. Phys, 7, pp. 4537-4552
• Nicholls, K.W., Østerhus, S., Makinson, K., Gammelsrød, T., Fahrbach, E., Ice-ocean processes over the continental shelf of the southern Weddell Sea, Antarctica: A review (2009) Rev. Geophys, 47, p. RG3003
• Nicholson, S.E., The west african sahel: A review of recent studies on the rainfall regime and its interannual variability (2013) ISRN Meteorology, 2013, p. 453521
• Nicolas, J.P., Bromwich, D.H., Precipitation changes in high southern latitudes from global reanalyses: A cautionary tale (2011) Surv. Geophys, 32, pp. 475-494
• Nihashi, S., Ohshima, K.I., Relationship between the sea ice cover in the retreat and advance seasons in the Antarctic Ocean (2001) Geophys. Res. Lett, 28, pp. 3677-3680
• Nobre, P., Shukla, J., Variations of sea surface temperature, wind stress and rainfall over the tropical Atlantic and South America (1996) J. Climate, 9, pp. 2464-2479
• NRC, (2009) Scientific Value of Arctic Sea Ice Imagery Derived Products, 48p. , National Academies Press
• (2013) Abrupt Impacts of Climate Change: Anticipating Surprises, 250p. , National Academies Press
• Ochsner, T.E., State of the art in large-scale soil moisture monitoring (2013) Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J, 77, pp. 1888-1919
• Oder, F.C.E., Fitzpatrick, J.C., Worthman, P.E., (2012) The Gambit Story, 258p. , J. D. Outzen Ed., Center for the Study of National Reconnaissance
• Ogi, M., Rigor, I.G., Trends in Arctic sea ice and the role of atmospheric circulation (2013) Atmos. Sci. Lett, 14, pp. 97-101
• Oki, T., Sud, Y.C., Design of total runoff integrating pathways (trip)-a global river channel network (1998) Earth Interact, 2, pp. 1-36
• O'Leary, M.J., Hearty, P.J., Thompson, W.G., Raymo, M.E., Mitrovica, J.X., Webster, J.M., Ice sheet collapse following a prolonged period of stable sea level during the last interglacial (2013) Nat. Geosci, 6, pp. 796-800
• Ordóñez, C., Strong influence of lowermost stratospheric ozone on lower tropospheric background ozone changes over Europe (2007) Geophys. Res. Lett, 34, p. L07805
• ORI, 2015: Monitoring and forecasting portal. Okavango Research Institute. [Available online at http://168.167.30.198/ori/.]; Oudrari, H., McIntire, J., Xiong, X., Butler, J., Lee, S., Lei, N., Schwarting, T., Sun, J., Prelaunch radiometric characterization and calibration of the S-NPP VIIRS sensor (2014) IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens, 53, pp. 2195-2210
• Overland, J.E., The case for global warming in the arctic (2009) Influence of Climate Change on the Changing Arctic and Sub-Arctic Conditions, pp. 13-23. , J. C. J. Nihoul and A. G. Kostianoy, Eds., Springer
• Francis, J.A., Hanna, E., Wang, M., The recent shift in early summer Arctic atmospheric circulation (2012) Geophys. Res. Lett, 39, p. L19804
• E. Hanna, I. Hanssen-Bauer, B.-M. Kim, S.-J. Kim, J. Walsh, M. Wang, and U. Bhatt, 2013: Air temperature. Arctic Report Card, Update for 2013. [Available online at www.arctic.noaa.gov/report13/air-temperature.html.]; I. Hanssen-Bauer, S.-J. Kim, J. Walsh, M. Wang, and U. Bhatt, 2014a: Air temperature. Arctic Report Card: Update for 2014. [Available online at www.arctic.noaa.gov/reportcard/air-temperature.html.]; Hanssen-Bauer, I., Kim, S.-J., Walsh, J., Wang, M., Bhatt, U., The lower atmosphere: Air temperature, clouds and surface radiation [in "state of the climate for 2013"] (2014) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 95 (7), pp. S115-S120
• Paddock, M., J. Pullin, and C. Steele, 2015: Southern Nevada impacts associated with tropical moisture from Hurricane Norbert. Major Weather Events and Societal Impacts of 2014, Phoenix, AZ, Amer. Meteor. Soc., Paper 271397; Palm, S.P., Strey, S.T., Spinhirne, J., Markus, T., Influence of Arctic sea ice extent on polar cloud fraction and vertical structure and implications for regional climate (2010) J. Geophys. Res, 115, p. D21209
• Palmer, M.D., Brohan, P., Estimating sampling uncertainty in fixed-depth and fixed-isotherm estimates of ocean warming (2011) Int. J. Climatol, 31, pp. 980-986
• Haines, K., Tett, S.F.B., Ansell, T.J., Isolating the signal of ocean global warming (2007) Geophys. Res. Lett, 34, p. L23610
• Palmer, W.C., Meteorological drought (1965) Weather Bureau Res. Paper 45, 58p
• Parinussa, R.M., De Jeu, R., Wagner, W., Dorigo, W., Fang, F., Teng, W., Liu, Y.Y., Soil moisture [in "state of the Climate in 2012"] (2013) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 94 (8), pp. S24-S25
• Parizek, B.R., Dynamic (in)stability of thwaites glacier, west antarctica (2013) J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf, 118, pp. 638-655
• Park, G.-H., Variability of global net sea-air CO 2 fluxes over the last three decades using empirical relationships (2010) Tellus, 62 B, pp. 352-368
• Parkinson, C.L., Cavalieri, D.J., Antarctic sea ice variability and trends, 1979-2010 (2012) Cryosphere, 6, pp. 871-880
• Parrish, D.D., Long-term changes in lower tropospheric baseline ozone concentrations: Comparing chemistry-climate models and observations at northern midlatitudes (2014) J. Geophys. Res. Atmos, 119, pp. 5719-5736
• Pelto, M., Forecasting temperate alpine glacier survival from accumulation zone observations (2010) Cryosphere, 4, pp. 67-75
• Pérez-Hernández, M.D., Joyce, M.T., Two modes of Gulf Stream variability revealed in the last two decades of satellite altimeter data (2014) J. Phys. Oceanogr, 44, pp. 149-163
• PERMOS, (2013) Permafrost in Switzerland: 2008/2009 and 2009/2010. Glaciological Rep. (Permafrost) 10/ 11, 80p. , Cryospheric Commission of the Swiss Academy of Sciences
• Perovich, D.K., Light, B., Eicken, H., Jones, K.F., Runciman, K., Nghiem, S.V., Increasing solar heating of the Arctic Ocean and adjacent seas, 1979-2005: Attribution and role in the ice-albedo feedback (2007) Geophys. Res. Lett, 34, p. L19505
• Persson, P.O.G., Onset and end of the summer melt season over sea ice: Thermal structure and surface energy perspective from SHEBA (2012) Climate Dyn, 39, pp. 1349-1371
• Peterson, T.C., Vose, R.S., An overview of the global historical climatology network temperature database (1997) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 78, pp. 2837-2849
• Vautard, R., McVicar, T.R., Thépaut, J.N., Berrisford, P., Surface winds over land [in "state of the Climate in 2010"] (2011) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 92 (6), p. S57
• Petty, A.A., Holland, P.R., Feltham, D.L., Sea ice and the ocean mixed layer over the Antarctic shelf seas (2014) Cryosphere, 8, pp. 761-783
• Pfeffer, W.T., The Randolph Glacier Inventory: A globally complete inventory of glaciers (2014) J. Glaciol, 60, pp. 537-551
• Pinty, B., Land surface albedo [in "state of the Climate in 2011"] (2012) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 93 (7), pp. S52-S53
• Andredakis, I., Clerici, M., Kaminski, T., Taberner, M., Verstraete, M.M., Gobron, N., Widlowski, J.-L., Exploiting the modis albedos with the two-stream inversion package (jrc-tip) part i: Effective leaf area index, vegetation and soil properties (2011) J. Geophys. Res, 116, p. D09105
• Andredakis, I., Clerici, M., Kaminski, T., Taberner, M., Verstraete, M.M., Gobron, N., Widlowski, J.-L., Fractions of transmitted and absorbed fluxes in the vegetation and soil layers (2011) J. Geophys. Res, 116, p. D09106
• Pithan, F., Medeiros, B., Mauritsen, T., Mixed-phase clouds cause climate model biases in Arctic wintertime temperature inversions (2014) Climate Dyn, 43, pp. 289-303
• Pitts, M.C., Poole, L.R., Thomason, L.W., CALIPSO polar stratospheric cloud observations: Second-generation detection algorithm and composition discrimination (2009) Atmos. Chem. Phys, 9, pp. 7577-7589
• Poli, P., and Coauthors, 2013: The data assimilation system and initial performance evaluation of the ECMWF pilot reanalysis of the 20th-century assimilating surface observations only (ERA-20C). ERA report series 14. [Available online at www.ecmwf.int/en/research/publications.]; Pollard, D., DeConto, R.M., Alley, R.B., Potential Antarctic Ice Sheet retreat driven by hydrofracturing and ice cliff failure (2015) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett, 412, pp. 112-121
• Proshutinsky, A., [arctic] ocean [in "state of the climate in 2008"] (2009) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 90 (8), pp. S99-S102
• Prowse, T., Past and future changes in lake and river ice (2011) Ambio, 40 (S1), pp. 53-62
• Pryor, S.C., Wind speed trends over the contiguous United States (2009) J. Geophys. Res, 114, p. D14105
• Pun, I.-F., Lin, I.-I., Lo, M.-H., Recent increase in high tropical cyclone heat potential area in the western north pacific ocean (2013) Geophys. Res. Lett, 40, pp. 4680-4684
• Ko, D.-S., New generation of satellite-derived ocean thermal structure for the western North Pacific typhoon intensity forecasting (2014) Prog. Oceanogr, 121, pp. 109-124
• Purkey, S.G., Johnson, G.C., Antarctic bottom water warming and freshening: Contributions to sea level rise, ocean freshwater budgets, and global heat gain (2013) J. Climate, 26, pp. 6105-6122
• Radic, V., Bliss, A., Beedlow, A.C., Hock, R., Miles, E., Cogley, J.G., Regional and global projections of twenty-first century glacier mass changes in response to climate scenarios from global climate models (2014) Climate Dyn, 42, pp. 37-58
• Raga, G.B., Bracamontes-Ceballos, B., Farfán, L., Romero-Centeno, R., Landfalling tropical cyclones on the Pacific coast of Mexico: 1850-2010 (2013) Atmosfera, 26, pp. 209-220
• Ramella-Pralungo, L., Haimberger, L., A global radiosonde and tracked-balloon archive on sixteen pressure levels (grasp) going back to 1905 part 2: Homogeneity adjustments for pilot balloon and radiosonde wind data homogeneity adjustments for the global pilot and radiosonde wind dataset (2014) Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 6, pp. 297-316. , 2014
• Ramella-Pralungo, L., Haimberger, L., New estimates of tropical mean temperature trend profiles from zonal mean historical radiosonde and pilot balloon wind shear observations (2015) J. Geophys. Res. Atmos, 120, pp. 3700-3713
• Stickler, A., Brönnimann, S., A global historical radiosondes and tracked balloons archive on standard pressure levels back to 1905. Part 1: Merging and interpolation to 00:00 and 12:00 GMT (2014) Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 6, pp. 185-200
• Ramos, M., Hasler, A., Vieira, G., Hauck, C., Gruber, S., Drilling and installation of boreholes for permafrost thermal monitoring on Livingston Island in the maritime Antarctic (2009) Permafrost Periglacial Processes, 20, pp. 57-64
• Rayner, N.A., Parker, D.E., Horton, E.B., Folland, C.K., Alexander, L.V., Rowell, D.P., Kent, E.C., Kaplan, A., Global analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth century (2003) J. Geophys. Res, 108, p. 4407
• Reid, P., Stammerjohn, S., Massom, R.A., Scambos, T., Lieser, J., The record 2013 southern hemisphere sea-ice extent maximum (2015) Ann. Glaciol, 56, pp. 99-106
• Rémy, S., Positive feedback of dust aerosol via its impact on atmospheric stability during dust storms in the Eastern Mediterranean (2014) Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss, 14, pp. 28147-28201
• Ren, L., Hackert, E., Arkin, P., Busalacchi, A.J., Estimating the global oceanic net freshwater flux from argo and comparing it with satellite-based freshwater flux products (2014) J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 119, pp. 6884-6899
• Reynolds, R.W., Rayner, N.A., Smith, T.M., Stokes, D.C., Wang, W., An improved in situ and satellite SST analysis for climate (2002) J. Climate, 15, pp. 1609-1625
• Smith, T.M., Liu, C., Chelton, D.B., Casey, K.S., Schlax, M.G., Daily high-resolution-blended analyses for sea surface temperature (2007) J. Climate, 20, pp. 5473-5496
• Rhein, M., Observations: Ocean (2013) Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis, pp. 255-315. , T. F. Stocker et al., Eds., Cambridge University Press
• Ricker, R., Hendricks, S., Helm, V., Skourup, H., Davidson, M., Sensitivity of cryosat-2 arctic sea-ice freeboard and thickness on radar-waveform interpretation (2014) Cryosphere, 8, pp. 1607-1622
• Riddle, E., Stoner, M., Johnson, N., L'Heureux, M., Collins, D., Feldstein, S., The impact of the MJO on clusters of wintertime circulation anomalies over the North American region (2012) Climate Dyn, 40, pp. 1749-1766
• Ridley, D.A., Total volcanic stratospheric aerosol optical depths and implications for global climate change (2014) Geophys. Res. Lett, 41, pp. 7763-7769
• Rienecker, M.M., MERRA: Nasa's modern-era retrospective analysis for research and applications (2011) J. Climate, 24, pp. 3624-3648
• Rignot, E., Jacobs, S., Rapid bottom melting widespread near Antarctic ice sheet grounding lines (2002) Science, 296, pp. 2020-2023
• Jacobs, S., Mouginot, J., Scheuchl, B., Ice-shelf melting around Antarctica (2013) Science, 341, pp. 266-270
• Rodell, M., Famiglietti, J.S., An analysis of terrestrial water storage variations in Illinois with implications for the gravity recovery and climate experiment (grace (2001) Wat. Resour. Res, 37, pp. 1327-1340
• Velicogna, I., Famiglietti, J.S., Satellite-based estimates of groundwater depletion in India (2009) Nature, 460, pp. 999-1002
• Rödenbeck, C., Interannual sea-air CO 2 flux variability from an observation-driven ocean mixed-layer scheme (2014) Biogeosciences, 11, pp. 4599-4613
• Roemmich, D., Gilson, J., The 2004-2008 mean and annual cycle of temperature, salinity, and steric height in the global ocean from the Argo Program (2009) Progr. Oceanogr, 82, pp. 81-100
• Roemmich, D., Gilson, J., The global ocean imprint of ENSO (2011) Geophys. Res. Lett, 38, p. L13606
• Roemmich, D., Gilson, J., The argo program: Observing the global ocean with profiling floats (2009) Oceanography, 22 (2), pp. 34-43
• Rohde, R., A new estimate of the average Earth surface land temperature spanning 1753 to 2011 (2013) Geoinfor. Geostat.: Overview, 1 (1)
• Romanovsky, V.E., Smith, S.L., Christiansen, H.H., Permafrost thermal state in the polar Northern Hemisphere during the International Polar Year 2007-2009: A synthesis (2010) Permafrost Periglacial Processes, 21, pp. 106-116
• Shiklomanov, N.I., Drozdov, D.S., Oberman, N.G., Kholodov, A.L., Marchenko, S.S., Permafrost (2013) Arctic Report Card 2013, pp. 132-136. , www.arctic.noaa.gov/report13, M. O. Jeffries et al., Eds., NOAA Rep
• Shiklomanov, N.I., Drozdov, D.S., Oberman, N.G., Kholodov, A.L., Marchenko, S.S., Terrestrial permafrost [in "state of the climate in 2013"] (2014) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 95 (7), pp. S139-S141
• Roscoe, H.K., Shanklin, J.D., Colwell, S.R., Has the Antarctic vortex split before 2002? (2005) J. Atmos. Sci, 62, pp. 581-588
• Rott, H., Skvarca, P., Nagler, T., Rapid collapse of northern Larsen Ice Shelf, Antarctica (1996) Science, 271, pp. 788-792
• Roundy, P.E., Observed structure of convectively coupled waves as a function of equivalent depth: Kelvin waves and the Madden Julian oscillation (2012) J. Atmos. Sci, 69, pp. 2097-2106
• Rudolf, B., Rubel, F., Global precipitation (2005) Observed Global Climate, pp. 111-1153. , Landolt-Börnstein Numer. Data Funct. Relat. New Ser. Vol. 6, M. Hantel et al., Eds., Springer
• Ryan, S., The wind field around Mauna Loa derived from surface and balloon observations (1997) J. Geophy. Res, 102, pp. 10711-10725
• Rydbeck, A.V., Maloney, E.D., Energetics of east Pacific easterly waves during intraseasonal events (2014) J. Climate, 27, pp. 7603-7621
• Xie, S.-P., Hafner, J., Shaman, J., Remote Forcing versus local feedback of east Pacific intraseasonal variability during boreal summer (2013) J. Climate, 26, pp. 3575-3596
• Rye, C.D., Naveira Garabato, A.C., Holland, P.R., Meredith, M.P., Nurser, A.J.G., Hughes, C.W., Coward, A.C., Webb, D.J., Rapid sea-level rise along the Antarctic margins in response to increased glacial discharge (2014) Nat. Geosci, 7, pp. 732-735
• Saatchi, S.S., Benchmark map of forest carbon stocks in tropical regions across three continents (2011) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 108, pp. 9899-9904
• Saatchi, S.S., Seeing the forest beyond the trees (2014) Global Ecol. Biogeogr, 24, pp. 606-610
• Sabine, C.L., Distribution of anthropogenic CO 2 in the Pacific Ocean (2002) Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 16, p. 1083
• The oceanic sink for anthropogenic CO 2 (2004) Science, 305, pp. 367-371
• Feely, R.A., Millero, F.J., Dickson, A.G., Langdon, C., Mecking, S., Greeley, D., Decadal changes in Pacific carbon (2008) J. Geophys. Res, 113, p. C07021
• Saha, S., The NCEP climate forecast system reanalysis (2010) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 91, pp. 1015-1057
• Sallée, J.B., Matear, R., Lenton, A., Rintoul, S.R., Localised subduction of anthropogenic carbon dioxide in the Southern Hemisphere oceans (2012) Nat. Geosci, 5, pp. 579-584
• Sarmiento, J., Gruber, N., Brzezinski, M., Dunne, J., High-latitude controls of thermocline nutrients and low latitude biological productivity (2004) Nature, 427, pp. 56-60
• Sauvage, B., Martin, R.V., Van Donkelaar, A., Ziemke, J.R., Quantification of the factors controlling tropical tropospheric ozone and the South Atlantic maximum (2007) J. Geophys. Res, 112, p. D11309
• Schaaf, C.B., First operational BRDF, albedo and nadir reflectance products from MODIS (2002) Remote Sens. Environ, 83, pp. 135-148
• Schaner, N., Voisin, N., Nijssen, B., Lettenmaier, D., The contribution of glacier melt to streamflow (2012) Environ. Res. Lett, 7, p. 034029
• Schanze, J.J., Schmitt, R.W., Yu, L.L., The global oceanic freshwater cycle: A state-of-the-art quantification (2010) J. Mar. Res, 68, pp. 569-595
• Schauffler, S.M., Chlorine budget and partitioning during the stratospheric aerosol and gas experiment sage) III ozone loss and validation experiment (solve (2003) J. Geophys. Res, 108, p. 4173
• Schmetz, J., Tjemkes, S.A., Gube, M., Berg De L.Van, Monitoring deep convection and convective overshooting with METEOSAT (1997) Adv. Space Res, 19, pp. 433-441
• Schmidtko, S., Heywood, K.J., Thompson, A.F., Aoki, S., Multidecadal warming of Antarctic waters (2014) Science, 346, pp. 1227-1231
• Schmitt, R., Salinity and the global water cycle (2008) Oceanography, 21 (1), pp. 12-19
• Schreck, C.J., Molinari, J., Tropical cyclogenesis associated with Kelvin waves and the Madden-Julian oscillation (2011) Mon. Wea. Rev, 139, pp. 2723-2734
• J. P. Kossin, 2014: A global survey of Kelvin waves and tropical cyclogenesis. 31st Conf. on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, San Diego, CA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 3D.4. [Available online at https://ams.confex.com/ams/31Hurr/webprogram/Paper243669.html.]; Aiyyer, A., A global view of equatorial waves and tropical cyclogenesis (2012) Mon. Wea. Rev, 140, pp. 774-788
• Cordeira, J.M., Margolin, D., Which MJO events affect North American temperatures? (2013) Mon. Wea. Rev, 141, pp. 3840-3850
• Knapp, K.R., Kossin, J.P., The impact of best track discrepancies on global tropical cyclone climatologies using IBTrACS (2014) Mon. Wea. Rev, 142, pp. 3881-3899
• Schulz, M., Chin, M., Kinne, S., The aerosol model comparison project, aerocom, phase II: Clearing up diversity (2009) IGAC Newsletter, p. 41. , www.igacproject.org/sites/all/themes/bluemasters/images/NewsletterArchives/Issue_41_May_2009.pdf
• Seager, R., Hoerling, M., Schubert, S., Wang, H., Lyon, B., Kumar, A., Nakamura, J., Henderson, N., Causes and predictability of the 2011 to 2014 California drought (2014) NOAA/OAR Climate Program Office, 40p. , http://cpo.noaa.gov/MAPP/californiadroughtreport
• Send, U., Lankhorst, M., Kanzow, T., Observation of decadal change in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation using 10 years of continuous transport data (2011) Geophys. Res. Lett, 38, p. L24606
• Serreze, M., Barry, R., Processes and impacts of Arctic amplification: A research synthesis (2011) Global Planet. Change, 77, pp. 85-96
• Sharkhuu, N., Sharkhuu, A., Effects of climate warming and vegetation cover on permafrost of Mongolian eurasian steppes: Ecological problems and livelihoods in a changing world (2012) Plant Veg, 6, pp. 445-472
• Shay, L.K., Goni, G.J., Black, P.G., Effects of a warm oceanic feature on Hurricane Opal (2000) Mon. Wea. Rev, 128, pp. 1366-1383
• Shepherd, T.G., Reconciliation of halogen-induced ozone loss with the total-column ozone record (2014) Nat. Geosci, 7, pp. 443-449
• Sherwood, S.C., Nishant, N., Atmospheric changes through 2012 as shown by iteratively homogenized radiosonde temperature and wind data (IUKv2 (2015) Environ. Res. Lett, 10, p. 054007
• Shi, L., Bates, J.J., Three decades of intersatellite-calibrated High-Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder upper tropospheric water vapor (2011) J. Geophys. Res, 116, p. D04108
• Shiklomanov, N.I., Streletskiy, D.A., Nelson, F.E., Northern hemisphere component of the global circumpolar active layer monitoring (calm) program (2012) Proc. 10th Int. Conf. on Permafrost, 1, pp. 377-382. , Salekhard, Russia
• Shupe, M.D., Clouds at Arctic atmospheric observatories, Part II: Thermodynamic phase characteristics (2011) J. Appl. Meteor. Climate, 50, pp. 645-661
• Intrieri, J.M., Cloud radiative forcing of the Arctic surface: The influence of cloud properties, surface albedo, and solar zenith angle (2004) J. Climate, 17, pp. 616-628
• Siegel, D.A., Global ocean phytoplankton [in "state of the Climate in 2011"] (2012) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 93 (7), pp. S107-S110
• Siegel, D.A., Regional to global assessments of phytoplankton dynamics from the SeaWiFS mission (2013) Remote Sens. Environ, 135, pp. 77-91
• Simmonds, I., The extreme storm in the Arctic Basin in August 2012 [in "state of the Climate in 2012"] (2013) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 94 (8), pp. S114-S115
• Simmons, A.J., Poli, P., Arctic warming in ERA-Interim and other analyses (2014) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc, 141, pp. 1147-1162
• Willett, K.M., Jones, P.D., Thorne, P.W., Dee, D., Low-frequency variations in surface atmospheric humidity, temperature and precipitation: Inferences from reanalyses and monthly gridded observational datasets (2010) J. Geophys. Res, 115, p. D01110
• Poli, P., Dee, D.P., Berrisford, P., Hersbach, H., Kobayashi, S., Peubey, C., Estimating low-frequency variability and trends in atmospheric temperature using ERA-Interim (2014) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc, 140, pp. 329-353
• Singh, O.P., Ali Khan, T.M., Rahman, S., Changes in the frequency of tropical cyclones over the North Indian Ocean (2000) Meteor. Atmos. Phys, 75, pp. 11-20
• Skliris, N., Marsh, R., Josey, S.A., Good, S.A., Liu, C., Allan, R.P., Salinity changes in the World Ocean since 1950 in relation to changing surface freshwater flux (2014) Climate Dyn, 43, pp. 709-736
• Slade, S.A., Maloney, E.D., An intraseasonal prediction model of Atlantic and East Pacific tropical cyclone genesis (2013) Mon. Wea. Rev, 141, pp. 1925-1942
• Slingo, J., (2014) The Recent Storms and Floods in the UK, 28p. , Centre for Ecology and Hydrology; UK Met Office
• Smeed, D.A., Observed decline of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation 2004-2012 (2014) Ocean Sci, 10, pp. 29-38
• Smith, A., Lott, N., Vose, R.S., The integrated surface database: Recent developments and partnerships (2011) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 92, pp. 704-708
• Smith, S.L., Romanovsky, V.E., Lewkowicz, A.G., Burn, C.R., Allard, M., Clow, G.D., Yoshikawa, K., Throop, J., Thermal state of permafrost in North America-a contribution to the international polar year (2010) Permafrost Periglacial Processes, 21, pp. 117-135
• Throop, J., Lewkowicz, A.G., Recent changes in climate and permafrost temperatures at forested and polar desert sites in northern Canada (2012) Can. J. Earth Sci, 49, pp. 914-924
• Smith, T.M., Reynolds, R.W., A high-resolution global sea surface temperature climatology for the 1961-90 base period (1998) J. Climate, 11, pp. 3320-3323
• Peterson, T.C., Lawrimore, J., Improvements to noaa's historical merged land-ocean surface temperature analysis 1880-2006 (2008) J. Climate, 21, pp. 2283-2296
• Sobel, A.H., Kim, D., The MJO-Kelvin wave transition (2012) Geophys. Res. Lett, 39, p. L20808
• Solomon, S., Rosenlof, K.H., Portmann, R.W., Daniel S M, J.S., Sanford, J.D.T., Plattner, G.-K., Contributions of stratospheric water vapor to decadal changes in the rate of global warming (2010) Science, 327, pp. 1219-1223
• Daniel, J.S., Neely, R.R., III, Vernier, J.-P., Dutton, E.G., Thomason, L.W., The persistently variable background" stratospheric aerosol layer and global climate change (2011) Science, 333, pp. 866-870
• Song, J.-J., Wang, Y., Wu, L., Trend discrepancies among three best track data sets of western North Pacific tropical cyclones (2010) J. Geophys. Res, 115, p. D12128
• Srokosz, M., Baringer, M., Bryden, H., Cunningham, S., Delworth, T., Lozier, S., Marotzke, J., Sutton, R., Past, present and future change in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (2012) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 93, pp. 1663-1676
• Stackhouse, P. W., D. P. Kratz, G. R. McGarragh, S. K. Gupta, and E. B. Geier, 2006: Fast Longwave and Shortwave Radiative Flux (FLASHFlux) products from CERES and MODIS measurements. Proc. 12th Conf. Atmospheric Radiation, Madison, WI, Amer. Meteor. Soc., P1.10. [Available online at http://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/113479.pdf.]; Stammerjohn, S.E., Martinson, D.G., Smith, R.C., Yuan, X., Rind, D., Trends in antarctic annual sea ice retreat and advance and their relation to el niño-southern oscillation and southern annular mode variability (2008) J. Geophys. Res, 113, p. C03S90
• Massom, R., Rind, D., Martinson, D., Regions of rapid sea ice change: An inter-hemispheric seasonal comparison (2012) Geophys. Res. Lett, 39, p. L06501
• Steele, M., Ermold, W., Zhang, J., Arctic ocean surface warming trends over the past 100 years (2008) Geophys. Res. Lett, 35, p. L02614
• Steinbrecht, W., Köhler, U., Claude, H., Weber, M., Burrows, J.P., Van Der A, R.J., Very high ozone columns at northern mid-latitudes in 2010 (2011) Geophys. Res. Lett, 38, p. L06803
• Stickler, A., Description of the era-clim historical upper-air data (2014) Earth Sys. Sci. Data, 6, pp. 29-48
• Stone, R.S., Dutton, E.G., Harris, J.M., Longenecker, D., Earlier spring snowmelt in northern Alaska as an indicator of climate change (2002) J. Geophys. Res, 107, p. 4089
• Strahan, S.E., Douglass, A.R., Newman, P.A., Steenrod, S.D., Inorganic chlorine variability in the Antarctic vortex and implications for ozone recovery (2014) J. Geophys. Res. Atmos, 119, pp. 14098-14109
• Stramler, K., Del Genio, A.D., Rossow, W.B., Synoptically driven Arctic winter states (2011) J. Climate, 24, pp. 1747-1762
• Straneo, F., Heimbach, P., North Atlantic warming and the retreat of Greenland's outlet glaciers (2013) Nature, 504, pp. 36-43
• Straub, K.H., Kiladis, G.N., Ciesielski, P.E., The role of equatorial waves in the onset of the south China sea summer monsoon and the demise of el niño during 1998 (2006) Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 42, pp. 216-238
• Sutterley, T.C., Velicogna, I., Rignot, E., Mouginot, J., Flament, T., Broeke Den Van, M.R., Van Wessem, J.M., Reijmer, C.H., Mass loss of the amundsen sea embayment of west antarctica from four independent techniques (2014) Geophys. Res. Lett, 41, pp. 8421-8428
• Syed, T.H., Famiglietti, J.S., Chambers, D.P., Willis, J.K., Hilburn, K., Satellite-based global-ocean mass balance estimates of interannual variability and emerging trends in continental freshwater discharge (2010) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 107, pp. 17916-17921
• Takahashi, T., Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO 2 , and net sea-air CO 2 flux over the global oceans (2009) Deep-Sea Res. II, 56, pp. 554-577
• Takahashi, T., Climatological distributions of pH, pCO 2 , total CO 2 , alkalinity, and CaCO 3 saturation in the global surface ocean, and temporal changes at selected locations (2014) Mar. Chem, 164, pp. 95-125
• Tanskanen, A., Validation of daily erythemal doses from ozone monitoring instrument with ground-based UV measurement data (2007) J. Geophys. Res, 112, p. D24S44
• Tapley, B.D., Bettadpur, S., Ries, J.C., Thompson, P.F., Watkins, M.M., GRACE measurements of mass variability in the Earth system (2004) Science, 305, pp. 503-505
• Taylor, C.M., De Jeu, R.A.M., Guichard, F., Harris, P.P., Dorigo, W.A., Afternoon rain more likely over drier soils (2012) Nature, 489, pp. 282-286
• Tedesco, M., Assessment and development of snowmelt retrieval algorithms over Antarctica from K-band spaceborne brightness temperature 1979-2008 (2009) Remote Sens. Environ, 113, pp. 979-997
• Tedesco, M., An updated Antarctic melt record through 2009 and its linkages to high-latitude and tropical climate variability (2009) Geophys. Res. Lett, 36, p. L18502
• Fettweis, X., Broeke Den Van, M.R., Wal De Van, W.R.S., Van Berg, W.J., Serreze, M.C., Box, J.E., The role of albedo and accumulation in the 2010 melting record in Greenland (2011) Environ. Res. Lett, 6, p. 014005
• Mote, T., Wahr, J., Alexander, P., Box, J.E., Wouters, B., Evidence and analysis of 2012 Greenland records from spaceborne observations, a regional climate model and reanalysis data (2013) Cryosphere, 7, pp. 615-630
• Mote, T., Wahr, J., Alexander, P., Box, J.E., Wouters, B., Arctic Greenland ice sheet [in "state of the climate in 2012"] (2013) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 94 (8), pp. S121-S123
• J. E. Box, J. Cappelen, X. Fettweis, T. Mote, R. S. W. van de Wal, C. J. P. P. Smeets, and J. Wahr, 2014: Greenland ice sheet. Arctic Report Card 2014 [Available online at www.arctic.noaa.gov/reportcard.]; Teng, W.-H., Huang, C.-Y., Ho, S.-P., Kuo, Y.-H., Zhou, X.-J., Characteristics of global precipitable water in ENSO events revealed by COSMIC measurements (2013) J. Geophys. Res, 118, pp. 8411-8425
• Thompson, P.R., Merrifield, M.A., A unique asymmetry in the pattern of recent sea level change (2014) Geophys. Res. Lett, 41, pp. 7675-7683
• Thompson, R.L., Nitrous oxide emissions 1999-2009 from a global atmospheric inversion (2014) Atmos. Chem. Phys, 14, pp. 1801-1817
• Timmermans, M.-L., Ocean temperature and salinity [in "state of the Climate in 2012"] (2013) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 94 (8), pp. S128-S130
• Timmermans, M.-L., Ocean temperature and salinity [in "state of the Climate in 2013"] (2014) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 95 (7), pp. S128-S132
• Tiwari, M., Wahr, J., Swenson, S., Dwindling groundwater resources in northern India, from satellite gravity observations (2009) Geophys. Res. Lett, 36, p. L18401
• Tjernström, M., Sedlar, J., Shupe, M.D., How well do regional climate models reproduce radiation and clouds in the Arctic? An evaluation of ARCMIP simulations (2008) J. Appl. Meteor. Climate, 47, pp. 2405-2422
• Tobin, I., Berrisford, P., Dunn, R.J.H., Vautard, R., McVicar, T.R., Land surface winds [in "state of the Climate in 2013"] (2014) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 95 (7), pp. S28-S29
• Tokinaga, H., Xie, S.-P., Wave-and anemometer-based sea surface wind (WASwind) for climate change analysis (2011) J. Climate, 24, pp. 267-285
• Trenberth, K.E., Fasullo, J.T., Mackaro, J., Atmospheric moisture transports from ocean to land and global energy flows in reanalyses (2011) J. Climate, 24, pp. 4907-4924
• Dai, A., Schrier Der G.Van, Jones, P.D., Barichivich, J., Briffa, K.R., Sheffield, J., Global warming and changes in drought (2014) Nat. Climate Change, 4, pp. 17-22
• Troccoli, A., Muller, K., Coppin, P., Davy, R., Russell, C., Hirsch, A.L., Long-term wind speed trends over Australia (2012) J. Climate, 25, pp. 170-183
• Tschudi, M.A., Fowler, C., Maslanik, J.A., Stroeve, J.A., Tracking the movement and changing surface characteristics of Arctic sea ice (2010) IEEE J. Selected Topics Earth Obs. Remote Sens, 3, pp. 536-540
• Tummon, F., Intercomparison of vertically resolved merged satellite ozone data sets: Interannual variability and long-term trends (2015) Atmos. Chem. Phys, 15, pp. 3021-3043
• Turner, J., Phillips, T., Hosking, J.S., Marshall, G.J., Orr, A., The amundsen sea low (2013) Int. J. Climatol, 33, pp. 1818-1829
• Hosking, J.S., Phillips, T., Marshall, G.J., Temporal and spatial evolution of the Antarctic sea ice prior to the September 2012 record maximum extent (2013) Geophys. Res. Lett, 40, pp. 5894-5898
• Våge, K., Surprising return of deep convection to the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean in winter 2007-2008 (2009) Nat. Geosci, 2, pp. 67-72
• Van De Wal, R.S.W., Greuell, W., Broeke Den Van, M.R., Reijmer, C.H., Oerlemans, J., Surface mass-balance observations and automatic weather station data along a transect near Kangerlussuaq, West Greenland (2005) Ann. Glaciol, 42, pp. 311-316
• Boot, W., Smeets, C.J.P.P., Snellen, H., Broeke Den Van, M.R., Oerlemans, J., Twenty-one years of mass balance observations along the K-transect, West Greenland (2012) Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 4, pp. 31-35
• Van Der, A.R.J., Allaart, M.A.F., Eskes, H.J., Multi sensor reanalysis of total ozone (2010) Atmos. Chem. Phys, 10, pp. 11277-11294
• Van Der, A.R.J., Allaart, M.A.F., Eskes, H.J., Extended and refined multi sensor reanalysis of total ozone for the period 1970-2012 (2015) Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss, 8, pp. 3283-3319
• Van Der Schrier, G., Barichivich, J., Briffa, K.R., Jones, P.D., A scPDSI-based global dataset of dry and wet spells for 1901-2009 (2013) J. Geophys. Res. Atmos, 118, pp. 4025-4048
• Besselaar Den Van, M.E.J., Klein Tank, A.M.G., Verver, G., Monitoring European averaged temperature based on the E-OBS gridded dataset (2013) J. Geophys. Res. Atmos, 118, pp. 5120-5135
• Van Der Werf, G.R., Global fire emissions and the contribution of deforestation, savanna, forest, agricultural, and peat fires 1997-2009 (2010) Atmos. Chem. Phys, 10, pp. 11707-11735
• Van Dijk, A.I.J.M., Beck, H.E., Crosbie, R.S., De Jeu, R.A.M., Liu, Y.Y., Podger, G.M., Timbal, B., Viney, N.R., The millennium drought in southeast Australia 2001-2009): Natural and human causes and implications for water resources, ecosystems, economy, and society (2013) Water Resour. Res, 49, pp. 1040-1057
• Vaughan, D.G., Observations: Cryosphere (2013) Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis, pp. 317-382. , T. F. Stocker et al., Eds., Cambridge University Press
• Vautard, R., Cattiaux, J., Yiou, P., Thépaut, J.-N., Ciais, P., Northern Hemisphere atmospheric stilling partly attributed to increased surface roughness (2010) Nat. Geosci, 3, pp. 756-761
• McVicar, T.R., Thépaut, J.N., Roderick, M.L., Land surface winds and atmospheric evaporative demand [in "state of the Climate in 2011"] (2012) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 93 (7), pp. S36-S38
• Velicogna, I., Wahr, J., Significant acceleration of Greenland ice mass loss in spring, 2004 (2006) Nature, 443, pp. 329-331
• Ventrice, M.J., Thorncroft, C.D., Janiga, M.A., Atlantic tropical cyclogenesis: A three-way interaction between an African easterly wave, diurnally varying convection, and a convectively coupled atmospheric Kelvin wave (2012) Mon. Wea. Rev, 140, pp. 1108-1124
• Schreck, C.J., Impacts of convectively coupled Kelvin waves on environmental conditions for Atlantic tropical cyclogenesis (2012) Mon. Wea. Rev, 140, pp. 2198-2214
• Vernier, J.-P., Major influence of tropical volcanic eruptions on the stratospheric aerosol layer during the last decade (2011) Geophys. Res. Lett, p. 38
• Vicente-Serrano, S.M., Begueria, S., Lopez-Moreno, J.I., A multiscalar drought index sensitive to global warming: The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (2010) J. Climate, 23, pp. 1696-1718
• Vieira, G., Thermal state of permafrost and active-layer monitoring in the antarctic: Advances during the international polar year 2007-2009 (2010) Permafrost Periglacial Processes, 21, pp. 182-197
• Vihma, T., Effects of Arctic sea ice decline on weather and climate: A review (2014) Surv. Geophys, 35, pp. 1175-1214
• Von Schuckmann, K., Sallée, J.-B., Chambers, D., Le Traon, P.-Y., Cabanes, C., Gaillard, F., Speich, S., Hamon, M., Monitoring ocean heat content from the current generation of global ocean observing systems (2014) Ocean Sci, 10, pp. 547-557
• Von Storch, H., Zwiers, F.W., (1999) Statistical Analysis in Climate Research, 484p. , Cambridge University Press
• Vose, R.S., NOAA's merged land-ocean surface temperature analysis (2012) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 93, pp. 1677-1685
• Voulgarakis, A., Savage, N.H., Wild, O., Braesicke, P., Young, P.J., Carver, G.D., Pyle, J.A., Interannual variability of tropospheric composition: The influence of changes in emissions, meteorology and clouds (2010) Atmos. Chem. Phys, 10, pp. 2491-2506
• Hadjinicolaou, P., Pyle, J.A., Increases in global tropospheric ozone following an El Niño event: Examining stratospheric ozone variability as a potential driver (2011) Atmos. Sci. Lett, 112, pp. 228-232
• Wåhlin, A., The effect of wind forcing on the flow of warm deep water in a submarine trough on the Central Amundsen Shelf (2013) J. Phys. Ocean, 43, pp. 2054-2070
• Waliser, D.E., Gautier, C., A satellite-derived climatology of the ITCZ (1993) J. Climate, 6, pp. 2162-2174
• Wallace, D.W.R., Monitoring global ocean carbon inventories (1995) OOSDP Background Rep, 5, 54p. , http://ioc-goos-oopc.org/documents/oosdp/oosdp_br5.pdf
• Wang, B., Ding, Q., Global monsoon: The dominant mode of the annual variations of the global tropical precipitation and circulation (2008) Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 44, pp. 165-183
• Liu, J., Kim, H.J., Webster, P.J., Yim, S.Y., Recent change of the global monsoon precipitation 1979-2008 (2012) Climate Dyn, 39, pp. 1123-1135
• Wang, C., Enfield, D.B., The tropical Western Hemisphere warm pool (2001) Geophys. Res. Lett, 28, pp. 1635-1638
• Wang, C., Enfield, D.B., A further study of the tropical Western Hemisphere warm pool (2003) J. Climate, 16, pp. 1476-1493
• Lee, S.-K., Landsea, C.W., Influences of the Atlantic warm pool on Western Hemisphere summer rainfall and Atlantic hurricanes (2006) J. Climate, 19, pp. 3011-3028
• Lee, S.-K., Enfield, D.B., Climate response to anomalously large and small Atlantic warm pools during the summer (2008) J. Climate, 21, pp. 2437-2450
• Lee, S.-K., Enfield, D.B., Atlantic warm pool acting as a link between Atlantic multidecadal oscillation and Atlantic tropical cyclone activity (2008) Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst, 9, p. Q05V03
• Dong, S., Munoz, E., Seawater density variations in the North Atlantic and the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (2010) Climate Dyn, 34, pp. 953-968
• Liu, H., Lee, S.-K., Atlas, R., Impact of the atlantic warm pool on United States landfalling hurricanes (2011) Geophys. Res. Lett, 38, p. L19702
• Wang, J., Zhang, L., Dai, A., Van Hove, T., Van Baelen, J., A near-global, 8-year, 2-hourly atmospheric precipitable water dataset from ground-based GPS measurements (2007) J. Geophys. Res. Atmos, 112, p. D11107
• Watanabe, E., Ikeda, M., Mizobata, K., Walsh, J.E., Bai, X., Wu, B., Is the dipole anomaly a major driver to record lows in Arctic summer sea ice extent? (2009) Geophys. Res. Lett, 36, p. L05706
• Wang, L., Liu, H., Wang, S., Shu, S., 2012/13 seasonal melt extent and duration [in "state of the climate in 2013"] (2014) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 95 (7), p. S149
• Wang, W., Xie, P., Yoo, S.H., Xue, Y., Kumar, A., Wu, X., An assessment of the surface climate in the NCEP climate forecast system reanalysis (2011) Climate Dyn, 37, pp. 1601-1620
• Wang, X., Key, J.R., Recent trends in surface, cloud, and radiation properties from space (2003) Science, 299, pp. 1725-1728
• Wanninkhof, R., Relationship between wind speed and gas exchange over the ocean revisited (2014) Limnol. Oceanogr. Methods, 12, pp. 351-362
• Wanninkhof, R., Global ocean carbon uptake: Magnitude, variability and trends (2013) Biogeosciences, 10, pp. 1983-2000
• Weatherhead, B., Tanskanen, A., Stevermer, A., Ozone and ultraviolet radiation (2005) Arctic Climate Impact Assessment, pp. 151-182. , www.acia.uaf.edu/PDFs/ACIA_Science_Chapters_Final/ACIA_Ch05_Final.pdf, Cambridge University Press
• Weber, M., Dikty, S., Burrows, J.P., Garny, H., Dameris, M., Kubin, A., Abalichin, J., Langematz, U., The Brewer-Dobson circulation and total ozone from seasonal to decadal time scales (2011) Atmos. Chem. Phys, 11, pp. 11221-11235
• Wells, N., Goddard, S., Hayes, M.J., A self-calibrating palmer drought severity index (2004) J. Climate, 17, pp. 2335-2351
• Wentz, F.J., A well calibrated ocean algorithm for special sensor microwave/ imager (1997) J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 102, pp. 8703-8718
• Ricciardulli, L., Hilburn, K.A., Mears, C.A., How much more rain will global warming bring? (2007) Science, 317, pp. 233-235
• WGMS, (2013) Glacier Mass Balance Bulletin 12 2010-2011), 106p. , World Glacier Monitoring Service
• - 2015: Latest glacier mass balance data. [Available online at www.geo.uzh.ch/microsite/wgms/mbb/sum13.html.]; Wheeler, M.C., Kiladis, G.N., Convectively coupled equatorial waves: Analysis of clouds and temperature in the wavenumber-frequency domain (1999) J. Atmos. Sci, 56, pp. 374-399
• Hendon, H.H., An all-season real-time multivariate MJO index: Development of an index for monitoring and prediction (2004) Mon. Wea. Rev, 132, pp. 1917-1932
• Whitney, F.A., Anomalous winter winds decreases 2014 transition zone productivity in the ne pacific (2015) Geophys. Res. Lett, 42, pp. 428-431
• WHO, (2002) Global Solar UV Index: A Practical Guide, 28p. , www.who.int/uv/publications/en/GlobalUVI.pdf, World Health Organization
• Wielicki, B.A., Barkstrom, B.R., Harrison, E.F., Lee, R.B., III, Smith, G.L., Cooper, J.E., Clouds and the earth's radiant energy system (ceres): An earth observing system experiment (1996) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 77, pp. 853-868
• Clouds and the earth's radiant energy system (ceres): Algorithm overview (1998) IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens, 36, pp. 1127-1141
• Wild, J. D., C. S. Long, P. K. Barthia, and R. D. McPeters, 2012: Constructing a long-term ozone climate data set (1979-2010) from V8.6 SBUV/2 profiles. Quadrennial Ozone Symp. 2012, Toronto, Canada. [Available online at http://larss.science.yorku.ca/QOS2012pdf/6071.pdf.]; Willett, K.M., Jones, P.D., Gillett, N.P., Thorne, P.W., Recent changes in surface humidity: Development of the hadcruh dataset (2008) J. Climate, 21, pp. 5364-5383
• Dunn, R.J.H., Thorne, P.W., Bell, S., De Podesta, M., Jones, P.D., Parker, D.E., Williams, C.N., Jr., HadISDH land surface multi-variable humidity and temperature record for climate monitoring (2014) Climate Past, 10, pp. 1983-2006
• Williams, C.A., Impacts of disturbance history on forest carbon stocks and fluxes: Merging satellite disturbance mapping with forest inventory data in a carbon cycle model framework (2014) Remote Sens. Environ, 151, pp. 57-71
• Williams, N. L., R. A. Feely, C. L. Sabine, A. G. Dickson, J. A. Swift, L .D. Talley, and J. Russell, 2015: Quantifying anthropogenic carbon inventory changes in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean. Mar. Chem., in press; Willis, J.K., Can in situ floats and satellite altimeters detect long-term changes in Atlantic Ocean overturning? (2010) Geophys. Res. Lett, 37, p. L06602
• Fu, L.-L., Combining altimeter and subsurface float data to estimate the time-averaged circulation in the upper ocean (2008) J. Geophys. Res, 113, p. C12017
• Roemmich, D., Cornuelle, B., Interannual variability in upper ocean heat content, temperature, and thermosteric expansion on global scales (2004) J. Geophys. Res, 109, p. C12036
• WMO, 2011: Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2010. Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project Rep. 52, World Meteorological Organization, various paging. [Available online at www.wmo.int/pages/prog/arep/gaw/ozone-2010/ozone-asst-report.html.]; - 2014: Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2014. Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project Rep. 55, World Meteorological Organization, various paging. [Available online at https://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/arep/gaw/ozone-2014/ozone-asst-report.html.]; WMO statement on the status of the global climate in 2014 (2015) WMO 1152, World Meteorological Organization, 24p. , http://library.wmo.int/opac/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=97
• Wolter, K., Timlin, M.S., Measuring the strength of enso-how does 1997/98 rank? (1998) Weather, 53, pp. 315-324
• Woolf, D.K., Shaw, A.G., Tsimplis, M.N., The influence of the north atlantic oscillation on sea-level variability in the north atlantic region (2003) Global Atmos. Ocean Syst, 9, pp. 145-167
• Worden, H.M., Decadal record of satellite carbon monoxide observations (2013) Atmos. Chem. Phys, 13, pp. 837-850
• Wright, J.S., Fueglistaler, S., Large differences in reanalyses of diabatic heating in the tropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (2013) Atmos. Chem. Phys, 13, pp. 9565-9576
• Wu, M.-C., Yeung, K.-H., Chang, W.-L., Trends in western north pacific tropical cyclone intensity (2006) Eos, Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, 87, pp. 537-548
• Wylie, D.P., Jackson, D.L., Menzel, W.P., Bates, J.J., Global cloud cover trends inferred from two decades of HIRS observations (2005) J. Climate, 18, pp. 3021-3031
• Wyrtki, K., Teleconnections in the equatorial Pacific Ocean (1973) Science, 180, pp. 66-68
• Wyrtki, K., El niño-the dynamic response of the equatorial pacific ocean to atmospheric forcing (1975) J. Phys. Oceanogr, 5, pp. 572-584
• Xie, P., Arkin, P.A., Global precipitation: A 17-year monthly analysis based on gauge observations, satellite estimates and numerical model outputs (1997) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 78, pp. 2539-2558
• Yashayaev, I., Loder, J.W., Enhanced production of Labrador sea water in 2008 (2009) Geophys. Res. Lett, 36, p. L01606
• Seidov, D., Demirov, E., A new collective view of oceanography of the Arctic and North Atlantic basins (2015) Prog. Oceanogr, 132, pp. 1-21
• Yim, S.-Y., Wang, B., Liu, J., Wu, Z.-W., A comparison of regional monsoon variability using monsoon indices (2014) Climate Dyn, 43, pp. 1423-1437
• Ying, M., Cha, E.-J., Kwon, H.J., Comparison of three western North Pacific tropical best track datasets in a seasonal context (2011) J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 89, pp. 211-224
• Young, P.J., Pre-industrial to end 21 st century projections of tropospheric ozone from the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP (2013) Atmos. Chem. Phys, 13, pp. 2063-2090
• Yu, H., Lu, Y., Chen, P.-Y., Zhou, W.C., Intensity change characteristics of tropical cyclones in the western north pacific as revealed by three different datasets (2012) J. Trop. Meteor, 18, pp. 119-126
• Yu, L., A global relationship between the ocean water cycle and near-surface salinity (2011) J. Geophys. Res, 116, p. C10025
• Yu, L., Coherent evidence from Aquarius and Argo for the existence of a shallow low-salinity convergence zone beneath the Pacific ITCZ (2014) J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 119, pp. 7625-7644
• Weller, R.A., Objectively analyzed air-sea heat fluxes (oaflux) for the global ocean (2007) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 88, pp. 527-539
• Weller, R.A., Global ocean heat fluxes [in "state of the Climate in 2008"] (2009) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 90 (7), pp. S52-S54
• Jin, X., Buoy perspective of a high-resolution global ocean vector wind analysis constructed from passive radiometers and active scatterometers (1987-present (2012) J. Geophys. Res, 117, p. C11013
• Weller, R.A., Insights on the OAFlux ocean surface vector wind analysis merged from scatterometers and passive microwave radiometers (1987 onward (2014) J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 119, pp. 5244-5269
• Weller, R.A., Confidence and sensitivity study of the OAFlux multi-sensor synthesis of the global ocean-surface vector wind from 1987 onward (2014) J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 119, pp. 6842-6862
• Xin, J., Weller, R.A., Multidecade global flux datasets from the objectively analyzed air-sea fluxes (oaflux) (2008) Project: Latent and Sensible Heat Fluxes, Ocean Evaporation, and Related Surface Meteorological Variables. OAFlux Project Tech. Rep. OA-2008-01, 64p
• Zhang, C., Madden-julian oscillation (2005) Rev. Geophys, 43, pp. 1-36
• Zhang, C., Madden-julian oscillation: Bridging weather and climate (2013) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc, 94, pp. 1849-1870
• Gottschalck, J., SST anomalies of enso and the madden julian oscillation in the equatorial pacific (2002) J. Climate, 15, pp. 2429-2445
• Zhang, J., Lindsay, R., Schweiger, A., Steele, M., The impact of an intense summer cyclone on 2012 Arctic sea ice retreat (2013) Geophys. Res. Lett, 40, pp. 720-726
• Zhang, X., Alexander, L., Hegerl, G.C., Jones, P., Klein Tank, A., Peterson, T.C., Trewin, B., Zwiers, F.W., Indices for monitoring changes in extremes based on daily temperature and precipitation data (2011) Wiley Interdiscip. Rev.: Climate Change, 2, pp. 851-870
• Zhao, L., Wu, Q., Marchenko, S.S., Sharkhuu, N., Thermal state of permafrost and active layer in central Asia during the international polar year (2010) Permafrost Periglacial Processes, 21, pp. 198-207
• Jin, J., Wang, S.-Y., Ek, M.B., Integration of remote-sensing data with wrf to improve lake-effect precipitation simulations over the great lakes region (2012) J. Geophys. Res, 117, p. D09102
• Ziemke, J.R., Chandra, S., Duncan, B.N., Froidevaux, L., Bhartia, P.K., Levelt, P.F., Waters, J.W., Tropospheric ozone determined from Aura OMI and MLS: Evaluation of measurements and comparison with the Global Modeling Initiative's chemical transport model (2006) J. Geophys. Res, 111, p. D19303
• Labow, G.J., Bhartia, P.K., Froidevaux, L., Witte, J.C., A global climatology of tropospheric and stratospheric ozone derived from Aura OMI and MLS measurements (2011) Atmos. Chem. Phys, 11, pp. 9237-9251
• Zou, C.-Z., Wang, W., Stability of the MSU-derived atmospheric temperature trend (2010) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol, 27, pp. 1960-1971
• Zwally, H.J., Fiegles, S., Extent and duration of Antarctic surface melting (1994) J. Glaciol, 40, pp. 463-476

Citas:

---------- APA ----------

---------- CHICAGO ----------

---------- MLA ----------

---------- VANCOUVER ----------